Abstract

Quantitative mechanistic modeling of the biological effects of ionizing radiation has a long rich history. Initially, it was dominated by target theory, which quantifies damage caused by traversal of cellular targets like DNA by ionizing tracks. The discovery that mutagenesis, death and/or altered behavior sometimes occur in cells that were not themselves traversed by any radiation tracks but merely interacted with traversed cells was initially seen as surprising. As more evidence of such ‘non-targeted’ or ‘bystander’ effects accumulated, the importance of their contribution to radiation-induced damage became more recognized. Understanding and modeling these processes is important for quantifying and predicting radiation-induced health risks. Here we review the variety of mechanistic mathematical models of nontargeted effects that emerged over the past 2–3 decades. This review is not intended to be exhaustive, but focuses on the main assumptions and approaches shared or distinct between models, and on identifying areas for future research.

中文翻译：

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辐射诱发非目标效应 (NTE) 的定量机制模型回顾

摘要

电离辐射的生物效应的定量机械建模有着悠久的历史。最初，它由目标理论主导，该理论通过电离轨道量化了细胞目标（如 DNA）穿过所造成的损害。突变、死亡和/或行为改变有时发生在细胞中，这些细胞本身没有被任何辐射轨迹穿过，而只是与穿过的细胞相互作用，这一发现最初被认为是令人惊讶的。随着越来越多的证据表明这种“非目标”或“旁观者”效应的积累，它们对辐射引起的损害的重要性得到了越来越多的认可。了解和模拟这些过程对于量化和预测辐射引起的健康风险很重要。在这里，我们回顾了过去 2-3 年出现的各种非靶向效应的机械数学模型。本综述并非详尽无遗，而是侧重于模型之间共享或不同的主要假设和方法，以及确定未来研究的领域。