Abstract

The discovery of leptin was intrinsically associated with its ability to regulate body weight. However, the effects of leptin are more far-reaching and include profound glucose-lowering and anti-lipogenic effects, independent of leptin’s regulation of body weight. Regulation of glucose metabolism by leptin is mediated both centrally and via peripheral tissues and is influenced by the activation status of insulin signaling pathways. Ectopic fat accumulation is diminished by both central and peripheral leptin, an effect that is beneficial in obesity-associated disorders. The magnitude of leptin action depends upon the tissue, sex, and context being examined. Peripheral tissues that are of particular relevance include the endocrine pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissues, immune cells, and the cardiovascular system. As a result of its potent metabolic activity, leptin is used to control hyperglycemia in patients with lipodystrophy and is being explored as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. To fully understand the role of leptin in physiology and to maximize its therapeutic potential, the mechanisms of leptin action in these tissues needs to be further explored.

中文翻译：

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瘦素对葡萄糖和脂质代谢的组织特异性影响

摘要

瘦素的发现与其调节体重的能力有着内在的联系。然而，瘦素的作用更为深远，包括显着的降糖和抗脂肪生成作用，与瘦素对体重的调节无关。瘦素对葡萄糖代谢的调节是通过中枢和外周组织介导的，并受胰岛素信号通路激活状态的影响。中枢和外周瘦素可减少异位脂肪积累，这种作用对肥胖相关疾病有益。瘦素作用的大小取决于所检查的组织、性别和环境。特别相关的外周组织包括内分泌胰腺、肝脏、骨骼肌、脂肪组织、免疫细胞和心血管系统。由于其强大的代谢活性，瘦素被用于控制脂肪代谢障碍患者的高血糖，并正在探索作为 1 型糖尿病患者胰岛素的辅助治疗。为了充分了解瘦素在生理学中的作用并最大限度地发挥其治疗潜力，需要进一步探索瘦素在这些组织中的作用机制。