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A hydrodynamic instability drives protein droplet formation on microtubules to nucleate branches
Nature Physics ( IF 19.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-28 , DOI: 10.1038/s41567-020-01141-8
Sagar U Setru 1 , Bernardo Gouveia 2 , Raymundo Alfaro-Aco 3 , Joshua W Shaevitz 1, 4 , Howard A Stone 5 , Sabine Petry 3
Affiliation  

Liquid–liquid phase separation1,2 occurs not only in bulk liquid, but also on surfaces. In physiology, the nature and function of condensates on cellular structures remain unexplored. Here we study how the condensed protein TPX2 behaves on microtubules to initiate branching microtubule nucleation3,4,5, which is critical for spindle assembly in eukaryotic cells6,7,8,9,10. Using fluorescence, electron and atomic force microscopies and hydrodynamic theory, we show that TPX2 on a microtubule reorganizes according to the Rayleigh–Plateau instability, like dew droplets patterning a spider web11,12. After uniformly coating microtubules, TPX2 forms regularly spaced droplets, from which branches nucleate. Droplet spacing increases with greater TPX2 concentration. A stochastic model shows that droplets make branching nucleation more efficient by confining the space along the microtubule where multiple necessary factors colocalize to nucleate a branch.



中文翻译:

流体动力学不稳定性驱动微管上的蛋白质液滴形成核分支

液-液相分离1,2不仅发生在散装液体中,也发生在表面上。在生理学中,细胞结构上的凝聚物的性质和功能仍未探索。在这里,我们研究缩合蛋白 TPX2 如何在微管上表现以启动分支微管成核3,4,5,这对于真核细胞6,7,8,9,10中的纺锤体组装至关重要。使用荧光、电子和原子力显微镜和流体动力学理论,我们表明微管上的 TPX2 根据瑞利-高原不稳定性进行重组,就像蜘蛛网的露珠图案11,12. 在均匀涂覆微管后,TPX2 形成规则间隔的液滴,从这些液滴中形成核。液滴间距随着 TPX2 浓度的增加而增加。随机模型表明,液滴通过限制沿微管的空间,在该空间中多个必要因素共定位以使分支成核,从而使分支成核更加有效。

更新日期:2021-01-28
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