Based on evidence from a large-scale leadership training field experiment, this article advances our knowledge about the possibilities for training leaders toward more active and effective leadership. In the field experiment, public and private leaders were randomly assigned to a control group or one of three leadership training programs: Transformational, transactional, or a combined program. Employee responses from 463 organizations show that the training can affect leadership behavior positively in very different organizations (primary and secondary schools, daycare centers, tax centers, and bank units). Furthermore, for the subsample of school principals, we find some evidence of training effects on performance in standardized tests in elementary schools and final exams in lower secondary schools. We discuss these findings in relation to training content and performance criteria.

中文翻译：

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领导力培训能提高组织效率吗？来自变革型和交易型领导的随机现场实验的证据

基于大规模领导力培训现场实验的证据，本文提高了我们对培训领导者的可能性的认识，以实现更积极和有效的领导力。在现场实验中，公共和私人领导者被随机分配到一个对照组或三个领导力培训计划之一：变革型、交易型或组合计划。来自 463 个组织的员工反应表明，培训可以对不同组织（中小学、日托中心、税务中心和银行单位）的领导行为产生积极影响。此外，对于校长的子样本，我们发现了一些证据表明培训对小学标准化考试和初中期末考试的表现有影响。