The removal of paracetamol (PCM) from aqueous solution using chemically modified Moringa seed pod activated carbon (MOSPAC) was investigated. MOSPAC was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. EDX results show that carbon in MOSP is 61.69% by weight and 61.18% by atom, while MOSPAC is 78.44% by weight and 88.80% by atom. The effects of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial PCM concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature were investigated. Langmuir model described the adsorption process mostly with adsorption capacity, q_o of 20.284 mg g⁻¹. The Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm showed that the mean free energy, E_D-R, ranged from 100 to 408 kJ mol⁻¹, suggesting that the mechanism of adsorption of PCM was chemisorption in nature. Similarly, the adsorption kinetic study was adequately described by the pseudo-second order with R² values ranging from 0.95 to 0.9998. Thermodynamic parameters, ΔS, ΔH, and ΔG gave (+493.79 kJ mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, +134.8679 kJ mol⁻¹, and −35.3681 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively) revealed that the adsorption process is endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous. The value of E_a (>80 kJ mol⁻¹) shows the mechanism of adsorption follows chemisorption. The cost analysis provides a simple proof that MOSPAC (40.17 USD per kg) is approximately 10 times cheaper than commercial activated carbon (398.70 USD per kg) providing a saving of 358.53 USD per kg. MOSPAC proved to be an effective adsorbent in the removal of PCM from aqueous solution. The use of functionalized Moringa seed pod in removing paracetamol drug even at very low concentration was demonstrated in this study to be efficient and cost effective.

中文翻译：

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用于从水溶液中去除扑热息痛的辣木籽荚吸附剂：一种多样化的新方法

研究了使用化学改性辣木籽荚活性炭 (MOSPAC) 从水溶液中去除扑热息痛 (PCM)。MOSPAC 分别使用傅立叶变换红外光谱、电子色散 X 射线 (EDX) 和扫描电子显微镜进行表征。EDX结果表明，MOSP中的碳为61.69%（重量）和61.18%（原子），而MOSPAC为78.44%（重量）和88.80%（原子）。研究了诸如吸附剂剂量、初始 PCM 浓度、接触时间、pH 值和温度等操作参数的影响。Langmuir 模型主要用吸附容量q _o为 20.284 mg g ^{-1 来}描述吸附过程。Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) 等温线表明，平均自由能E _D-R, 范围从 100 到 408 kJ mol ^-1，表明 PCM 的吸附机制本质上是化学吸附。类似地，吸附动力学研究由R ²值范围从 0.95 到 0.9998的伪二级充分描述。热力学参数Δ S、Δ H和Δ G给出（分别为+493.79 kJ mol ^-1  K ^-1、+134.8679 kJ mol ^-1和-35.3681 kJ mol ^-1）表明吸附过程是吸热的，可行的, 和自发的。的值ê_一个（> 80千焦耳摩尔^-1) 显示吸附机制遵循化学吸附。成本分析提供了一个简单的证明，即 MOSPAC（每公斤 40.17 美元）比商业活性炭（每公斤 398.70 美元）便宜约 10 倍，每公斤可节省 358.53 美元。MOSPAC 被证明是从水溶液中去除 PCM 的有效吸附剂。本研究证明，即使在非常低的浓度下，使用功能化辣木籽荚去除扑热息痛药物也是有效且具有成本效益的。