Theoretical accounts and preliminary evidence suggest that Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) improve cognitive function, but reviews of empirical studies have provided mixed results. To clarify empirical evidence, we conducted a meta-analysis of 25 studies (n = 1439) and examined the effects of MBIs on four cognitive domains: attention, working memory, long-term memory, and executive function. The summary effect sizes indicate that MBIs produce non-significant effects on attention (SMD = 0.07), working memory (SMD = 0.16), and long-term memory (SMD = −0.12), while a small effect was observed for executive function (SMD = 0.29). Given significant heterogeneity across studies, we conducted meta-regression analyses with sample characteristics, age, number of treatment sessions, treatment duration, intervention type, control group type, and study design. We found moderating effects of intervention type on attention and executive function. Although the current study highlights preliminary evidence for improvements in executive function, overall results suggest non-significant findings for attention, working memory, and long-term memory. To draw a firm conclusion, further research is needed to address methodological challenges in meta-analysis and the limitations of existing studies.

理论解释和初步证据表明，基于正念的干预措施（MBI）可以改善认知功能，但是对实证研究的回顾却得出了不同的结果。为了澄清经验证据，我们进行了25项研究进行了荟萃分析（ñ = 1439），并检查了MBI对四个认知领域的影响：注意力，工作记忆，长期记忆和执行功能。总结效应大小表明，MBI对注意力（SMD = 0.07），工作记忆（SMD = 0.16）和长期记忆（SMD = -0.12）产生非显着影响，而执行功能的影响很小（ SMD = 0.29）。考虑到各研究之间的显着异质性，我们对样本特征，年龄，治疗次数，治疗持续时间，干预类型，对照组和研究设计进行了荟萃回归分析。我们发现干预类型对注意力和执行功能的调节作用。尽管当前的研究强调了执行功能改善的初步证据，但总体结果表明，没有明显的发现值得关注，工作记忆和长期记忆。为了得出肯定的结论，需要进行进一步的研究来应对荟萃分析中的方法论挑战以及现有研究的局限性。