Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important global food crop and a main source of calories for about 60% of the world population. Fertilizers are essential components of modern agriculture and play a vital role in improving rice and other crops yield. We performed a meta-analysis to determine how different types of fertilizers including chemical (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), 18 potassium (K), silicon (Si), and micronutrients), organic (compost and manure) and bio-fertilizers (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and fungi (PGPF)) influence on rice productivity in Iran. A significantly positive overall effect of fertilizers was noted on biological yield (28.39%), grain yield (26.02%), harvest index (3.17%) and 1000-grain weight (4.86%). Chemical, organic and bio-fertilizers positively influenced grain yield by 26.78, 15.20 and 26.61%, respectively. Among all types of fertilizers, N has the most important role in rice production and responsible for 38% of yield. For N and P, the most increase of yield (47.60 and 20.52%, respectively) had been calculated in high fertilization rates (>120 and >80 kg h^–1, respectively), while the highest rice yield was obtained from moderate K and Si fertilization rates (40–80 and 250–500 kg ha^–1, respectively). Therefore, it seems that lower rates of K and Si fertilizers could be used in paddy fields for reaching optimum yield. Overall, this meta-analysis indicated that about 27, 15, and 27% of rice yield is attributable to chemical, organic and bio-fertilizers, respectively.

中文翻译：

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化学，有机和生物肥料对伊朗稻米生产的贡献：荟萃分析

摘要

水稻（水稻L.）是一种重要的全球粮食作物，也是全球约60％人口的主要卡路里来源。肥料是现代农业的重要组成部分，对提高水稻和其他农作物的产量起着至关重要的作用。我们进行了荟萃分析，以确定不同类型的肥料如何包括化学（氮（N），磷（P），18钾（K），硅（Si）和微量营养素），有机（肥料和粪肥）以及生物肥料。肥料（促进根瘤菌（PGPR）和真菌（PGPF）的植物生长）对伊朗稻米生产力的影响。肥料对生物产量（28.39％），谷物产量（26.02％），收获指数（3.17％）和千粒重（4.86％）有显着积极的影响。化学肥料，有机肥料和生物肥料分别对谷物产量产生积极影响，分别为26.78％，15.20％和26.61％。在所有类型的肥料中，氮在水稻生产中起着最重要的作用，占产量的38％。对于氮和磷，高施肥率（> 120和> 80 kg·h）计算出最大的增产（分别为47.60和20.52％）分别为^–1）和最高的水稻产量是通过适度的钾肥和硅肥（分别为40–80和250–500 kg ha ^–1）获得的。因此，似乎可以在稻田中使用较低比例的钾和硅肥料以达到最佳产量。总体而言，这项荟萃分析表明，水稻产量的约27％，15％和27％分别归因于化学肥料，有机肥料和生物肥料。