Russian Agricultural Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-27 , DOI: 10.3103/s1068367420060117 L. V. Meshkova , L. Ya. Plotnikova , O. B. Sabaeva
Abstract
False loose smut caused by the fungus Ustilago nigra Tapke causes significant damage to barley crops in Russia. The aim of this work was to estimate the false loose smut resistance in spring double-row barley varieties created by the Omsk Agrarian Research Center and samples from the Collection of the Vavilov All-Russia Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in Western Siberia. Cultivars were assessed in the field in 2016–2019 according to common methods. The artificial inoculation of seeds with U. nigra teliospores was carried out before sowing. The damage to cultivars significantly varied, which was due to contrasting weather conditions during periods critical for plant infection. Stable resistance to disease was observed for cultivars Omsky 91 and Sasha, while damage to other cultivars of Omsk breeding increased. The collection cultivars of Russian and Western European breeding showed high resistance to false loose smut under conditions favorable for infection, as well as in drought with high temperatures. Ukrainian and Latvian cultivars showed high resistance to infection under conditions of high humidity and low temperature. High resistance under contrasting conditions was observed for cultivars Vorsinsky 2, Yasny, Vakula, Zadel 3, Yastreb, Inklyuziv, and Vzirez. The best combination of resistance to the disease and yields were demonstrated by cultivars Vorsinsky 2, Zernogradsky 770, Vakula, Vzirets, and Inklyuziv. These cultivars are promising to be used as sources of false loose smut resistance for barley breeding in Western Siberia.
中文翻译:
西西伯利亚两行大麦品种对假松散黑穗病的抗性和收集品系
摘要
乌斯梯亚哥黑塔普克真菌引起的假松散黑穗病对俄罗斯大麦作物造成了严重破坏。这项工作的目的是评估鄂木斯克农业研究中心创建的春季双行大麦品种对假松散黑穗病的抵抗力,以及西西伯利亚瓦维洛夫全俄罗斯植物遗传资源研究所(VIR)收藏的样品。根据常规方法,在2016-2019年对田间品种进行了评估。用黑麦草人工接种种子在播种前进行了孢子芽孢形成。对品种的损害差异很大,这是由于在对植物感染至关重要的时期内天气条件相反。观察到鄂木斯克91和Sasha品种对疾病具有稳定的抗病性,而对鄂木斯克育种的其他品种的损害增加。俄罗斯和西欧育种的采集品种在有利于感染的条件下以及在高温干旱下显示出对假松散黑穗病的高抵抗力。乌克兰和拉脱维亚品种在高湿度和低温条件下显示出对感染的高抵抗力。在相反的条件下,观察到品种沃辛斯基2号,亚斯尼,瓦库拉,扎德尔3号,亚斯特雷布,因克柳佐夫和Vzirez的高抗性。品种Vorsinsky 2,Zernogradsky 770,Vakula,Vzirets和Inklyuziv表现出了对该病抗性和产量的最佳组合。这些品种有望被用作西伯利亚西部大麦育种的假松散黑穗病抗性来源。