The need for wholescale energy transitions across the globe is now clear, but there is still much debate about how best to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Carbon‐pricing has so far been unable to avert the coming climate catastrophe. Instead supply‐side, managed decline of the fossil fuel sector and proposals for Green New Deals, or Just Transition are gaining steam among academics, policy communities, and movements and even entering mainstream politics. In this article, I review three main approaches to energy transition and highlight their underlying goals and assumptions. I argue that movements for energy transition must center social and economic justice in their struggles if they want to gain broad‐based appeal.

中文翻译：

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能源转型的方法：碳定价，管理下降和/或绿色新交易？

现在已经很清楚全球范围内进行大规模能源转换的需求，但是，关于如何在2050年前实现碳中和的最佳方法仍有很多争议。迄今为止，碳定价无法避免即将到来的气候灾难。取而代之的是，化石燃料行业的供应侧，管理性下滑以及“绿色新政”或“正当过渡”的提议正在学者，政策界和运动之间逐渐兴起，甚至进入主流政治。在本文中，我回顾了三种主要的能源过渡方法，并重点介绍了它们的基本目标和假设。我认为，如果要获得广泛的吸引力，能源转型运动就必须以社会和经济正义为中心。