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NO2 and PM2.5 Exposures and Lung Function in Swiss Adults: Estimated Effects of Short-Term Exposures and Long-Term Exposures with and without Adjustment for Short-Term Deviations
Environmental Health Perspectives ( IF 10.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-1-27 , DOI: 10.1289/ehp7529
Alexandra Strassmann 1 , Kees de Hoogh 2, 3 , Martin Röösli 2, 3 , Sarah R Haile 1 , Alexander Turk 4 , Matthias Bopp 1 , Milo A Puhan 1 ,
Affiliation  

Abstract

Background:

The impact of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 2.5. microns (PM2.5) exposures on lung function has been investigated mainly in children and less in adults. Furthermore, it is unclear whether short-term deviations of air pollutant concentration need to be considered in long-term exposure models.

Objectives:

The aims of this study were to investigate the association between short-term air pollution exposure and lung function and to assess whether short-term deviations of air pollutant concentration should be integrated into long-term exposure models.

Methods:

Short-term (daily averages 0–7 d prior) and long-term (1- and 4-y means) NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations were modeled using satellite, land use, and meteorological data calibrated on ground measurements. Forced expiratory volume within the first second (FEV1) of forced exhalation and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured during a LuftiBus assessment (2003–2012) and linked to exposure information from the Swiss National Cohort for 36,085 adults (ages 18–95 y). We used multiple linear regression to estimate adjusted associations, and additionally adjusted models of long-term exposures for short-term deviations in air pollutant concentrations.

Results:

A 10μg/m3 increase in NO2 and PM2.5 on the day of the pulmonary function test was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC (NO2: FEV1 8.0 ml [95% confidence interval: 13.4, 2.7], FVC 16.7 ml [23.4, 10.0]; PM2.5: FEV1 15.3 ml [21.9, 8.7], FVC 18.5 ml [26.5, 10.5]). A 10μg/m3 increase in 1-y mean NO2 was also associated with lower FEV1 (7.7 ml; 15.9, 0.5) and FVC (21.6 ml; 31.9, 11.4), as was a 10μg/m3 increase in 1-y mean PM2.5 (FEV1: 42.2 ml; 56.9, 27.5; FVC: 82.0 ml; 100.1, 63.9). These associations were robust to adjustment for short-term deviations in the concentration of each air pollutant.

Conclusions:

Short- and long-term air pollution exposures were negatively associated with lung function, in particular long-term PM2.5 exposure with FVC. Our findings contribute substantially to the evidence of adverse associations between air pollution and lung function in adults. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7529



中文翻译:

瑞士成年人的 NO2 和 PM2.5 暴露与肺功能:短期暴露和长期暴露对短期偏差调整和不调整的估计影响

摘要

背景:

二氧化氮的影响(2) 和空气动力学直径小于或等于 2.5 的颗粒物。微米(下午2.5) 对肺功能的暴露主要在儿童中进行了调查,在成人中的调查较少。此外,尚不清楚在长期暴露模型中是否需要考虑空气污染物浓度的短期偏差。

目标:

本研究的目的是调查短期空气污染暴露与肺功能之间的关联,并评估是否应将空气污染物浓度的短期偏差纳入长期暴露模型。

方法:

短期(0-7 天前的每日平均值)和长期(1 年和 4 年平均值) 2下午2.5使用卫星、土地利用和地面测量校准的气象数据对浓度进行建模。在 LuftiBus 评估(2003-2012 年)期间测量了用力呼气的第一秒内的用力呼气量 (FEV1) 和用力肺活量 (FVC),并与来自瑞士国家队列的 36,085 名成人(18-95 岁)的暴露信息相关联)。我们使用多元线性回归来估计调整后的关联,并针对空气污染物浓度的短期偏差额外调整了长期暴露模型。

结果:

一种 10μG/3 增加 2下午2.5 肺功能测试当天与较低的 FEV1 和 FVC 相关(2:FEV1 -8.0 毫升 [95% 置信区间: -13.4, -2.7], FVC -16.7 毫升 [-23.4, -10.0]; 下午2.5:FEV1 -15.3 毫升 [-21.9, -8.7], FVC -18.5 毫升 [-26.5, -10.5])。一种10μG/3 增加 1 年平均值 2 还与较低的 FEV1 相关(-7.7 毫升; -15.9, 0.5) 和 FVC (-21.6 毫升; -31.9, -11.4),就像一个 10μG/3 增加 1 年平均值 下午2.5 (FEV1: -42.2 毫升; -56.9, -27.5; FVC:-82.0 毫升; -100.1, -63.9)。这些关联对于调整每种空气污染物浓度的短期偏差非常有效。

结论:

短期和长期空气污染暴露与肺功能负相关,尤其是长期 下午2.5FVC 暴露。我们的研究结果大大有助于证明空气污染与成人肺功能之间存在不利关联。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7529

更新日期:2021-01-27
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