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Coevolution of female fidelity and male help in populations with alternative reproductive tactics
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-27 , DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2371 Xiang-Yi Li 1 , Andrew Morozov 2, 3 , Wolfgang Goymann 4
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-27 , DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2371 Xiang-Yi Li 1 , Andrew Morozov 2, 3 , Wolfgang Goymann 4
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In socially monogamous species, pair-bonded males often continue to provide care to all offspring in their nests despite some degree of paternity loss due to female extra-pair copulation. Previous theoretical models suggested that females can use their within-pair offspring as ‘hostages' to blackmail their social mates, so that they continue to provide care to the brood at low levels of cuckoldry. These models, however, rely on the assumption of sufficiently accurate male detection of cuckoldry and the reduction of parental effort in case of suspicion. Therefore, they cannot explain the abundant cases where cuckolded males continue to provide extensive care to the brood. Here we use an analytical population genetics model and an individual-based simulation model to explore the coevolution of female fidelity and male help in populations with two genetically determined alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs): sneakers that achieve paternity solely via extra-pair copulations and bourgeois that form a mating pair and spend some efforts in brood care. We show that when the efficiency of mate guarding is intermediate, the bourgeois males can evolve to ‘specialize' in providing care by spending more than 90% of time in helping their females while guarding them as much as possible, despite frequent cuckoldry by the sneakers. We also show that when sneakers have tactic-specific adaptations and thus are more competitive than the bourgeois in gaining extra-pair fertilizations, the frequency of sneakers and the degrees of female fidelity and male help can fluctuate in evolutionary cycles. Our theoretical predictions highlight the need for further empirical tests in species with ARTs.
中文翻译:
女性忠诚和男性帮助在具有替代生殖策略的人群中的共同进化
在社会一夫一妻制的物种中,尽管由于雌性多对交配而导致一定程度的亲子关系丧失,但成对的雄性通常会继续照顾巢中的所有后代。先前的理论模型表明,雌性可以利用其配对内的后代作为“人质”来勒索他们的社交伙伴,以便它们继续以低水平的戴绿帽子照顾幼崽。然而,这些模型依赖于男性对戴绿帽子的足够准确检测以及在怀疑的情况下减少父母努力的假设。因此,他们无法解释戴绿帽子的雄性继续为幼鸟提供广泛照顾的大量案例。在这里,我们使用分析种群遗传学模型和基于个体的模拟模型来探索具有两种基因决定的替代生殖策略 (ART) 的种群中女性忠诚度和男性帮助的共同进化:仅通过额外配对和资产阶级实现亲子关系的运动鞋形成一对交配并在育雏方面付出一些努力。我们表明,当配偶守卫的效率处于中等水平时,尽管运动鞋经常戴绿帽子,但资产阶级雄性可以通过花费超过 90% 的时间来帮助雌性同时尽可能多地保护它们,从而进化为“专门”提供护理. 我们还表明,当运动鞋具有特定于战术的适应性时,因此在获得额外的双受精方面比资产阶级更具竞争力,运动鞋的频率以及女性忠诚和男性帮助的程度可以在进化周期中波动。我们的理论预测强调需要对具有 ART 的物种进行进一步的实证测试。
更新日期:2021-01-27
中文翻译:
女性忠诚和男性帮助在具有替代生殖策略的人群中的共同进化
在社会一夫一妻制的物种中,尽管由于雌性多对交配而导致一定程度的亲子关系丧失,但成对的雄性通常会继续照顾巢中的所有后代。先前的理论模型表明,雌性可以利用其配对内的后代作为“人质”来勒索他们的社交伙伴,以便它们继续以低水平的戴绿帽子照顾幼崽。然而,这些模型依赖于男性对戴绿帽子的足够准确检测以及在怀疑的情况下减少父母努力的假设。因此,他们无法解释戴绿帽子的雄性继续为幼鸟提供广泛照顾的大量案例。在这里,我们使用分析种群遗传学模型和基于个体的模拟模型来探索具有两种基因决定的替代生殖策略 (ART) 的种群中女性忠诚度和男性帮助的共同进化:仅通过额外配对和资产阶级实现亲子关系的运动鞋形成一对交配并在育雏方面付出一些努力。我们表明,当配偶守卫的效率处于中等水平时,尽管运动鞋经常戴绿帽子,但资产阶级雄性可以通过花费超过 90% 的时间来帮助雌性同时尽可能多地保护它们,从而进化为“专门”提供护理. 我们还表明,当运动鞋具有特定于战术的适应性时,因此在获得额外的双受精方面比资产阶级更具竞争力,运动鞋的频率以及女性忠诚和男性帮助的程度可以在进化周期中波动。我们的理论预测强调需要对具有 ART 的物种进行进一步的实证测试。