Mining developments, corporate-community conflict, and participatory community development programs can have diverse gendered impacts on people affected by mining. Thus, changing gendered relations are amongst the social, economic, and political legacies of mining. Despite growing literature on the gendered impacts of mining, little explains how and why particular developments produce divergent legacies. This paper builds on feminist understandings of primitive accumulation and social reproduction theory to understand the rapid economic, social and political change that reconfigures gendered relations between and within groups of men and women. Drawing on research across three case studies in Indonesia, I argue that while mining developments can disproportionately disadvantage women, resistance work and participation in corporate social responsibility programs (CSR) may be empowering. This paper thus moves beyond the ‘women-as-victims’ approach to uncover the social, economic, and political foundations of inequality that may be disrupted or reinforced by mining, participation and resistance. The implications of this for mining governance policy, CSR and NGOs are that gendered legacies of mining depend on how resistance or participation create opportunities to overcome structural inequalities exacerbated by mining.

矿业发展、企业-社区冲突和参与性社区发展计划会对受矿业影响的人们产生不同的性别影响。因此，不断变化的性别关系是采矿业的社会、经济和政治遗产。尽管关于采矿的性别影响的文献越来越多，但很少解释特定发展如何以及为什么会产生不同的遗产。本文以女性主义对原始积累和社会再生产理论的理解为基础，以了解重新配置男性和女性群体之间和内部的性别关系的快速经济、社会和政治变化。借鉴印度尼西亚三个案例研究的研究，我认为虽然采矿开发可以妇女不成比例地处于不利地位，抵抗工作和参与企业社会责任计划 (CSR)可能会增强权能。因此，本文超越了“女性作为受害者”的方法，揭示了不平等的社会、经济和政治基础，这些基础可能被采矿、参与和抵抗所破坏或加强。这对采矿治理政策、企业社会责任和非政府组织的影响是采矿的性别遗产取决于抵抗或参与如何创造机会来克服采矿加剧的结构性不平等。