Extensive use of chemical insecticides adversely affects both environment and human health. One of the most popular biological pest control alternatives is bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis. This entomopathogenic bacterium produces different protein types which are toxic to several insect, mite, and nematode species. Currently, insecticidal proteins belonging to the Cry and Vip3 groups are widely used to control insect pests both in formulated sprays and in transgenic crops. However, the benefits of B. thuringiensis-based products are threatened by insect resistance evolution. Numerous studies have highlighted that mutations in genes coding for surrogate receptors are responsible for conferring resistance to B. thuringiensis. Nevertheless, other mechanisms may also contribute to the reduction of the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis-based products for managing insect pests and even to the acquisition of resistance. Here, we review the relevant literature reporting how invertebrates (mainly insects and Caenorhabditis elegans) respond to exposure to B. thuringiensis as either whole bacteria, spores, and/or its pesticidal proteins.

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无脊椎动物对苏云金芽孢杆菌及其杀虫蛋白的反应机制

化学杀虫剂的广泛使用对环境和人类健康都有不利影响。最流行的生物害虫防治替代品之一是基于苏云金芽孢杆菌的生物杀虫剂。这种昆虫病原细菌产生不同类型的蛋白质，这些蛋白质对几种昆虫、螨虫和线虫物种有毒。目前，属于 Cry 和 Vip3 组的杀虫蛋白在配制喷雾剂和转基因作物中广泛用于防治害虫。然而，基于苏云金芽孢杆菌的产品的好处受到昆虫抗性进化的威胁。大量研究强调，编码替代受体的基因突变是导致对苏云金芽孢杆菌产生抗性的原因. 然而，其他机制也可能有助于降低基于苏云金芽孢杆菌的产品管理害虫甚至获得抗性的有效性。在这里，我们回顾了相关文献，这些文献报道了无脊椎动物（主要是昆虫和秀丽隐杆线虫）如何对暴露于苏云金芽孢杆菌作为整个细菌、孢子和/或其杀虫蛋白作出反应。