The transport and deposition of phosphorus (P) in large-scale basin are closely associated with the spatial distribution characteristics and nutritional status of river sediments. Samples of surface water (SW), suspended sediment (SS), bed sediment (BS), and sediment cores from the Yellow River (YR) were collected. The different fractions including total phosphorus (TP), organic P (OP), inorganic P (IP), HCl–P and NaOH–P were determined by standard measurement and testing method. The results showed that upper, middle, and downstream sedimentary texture exhibit spatial heterogeneity. Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that medium grain size (Mz) is the most negative factor that influence P and fractions, indicating the importance of silt content. Additionally, TP and HCl–P content were positively and significantly correlated, and the calculated correlation coefficient was 0.96 (p < 0.05). Fe oxides had the greatest positive effect on the absorption of NaOH–P in sediments, followed by Al and Mn oxides. From the sediment cores perspective, the rose figure and logistic regression curve showed that significant growth trend, which indicates that vertical pollution status becomes more severe with increasing silt content. Overall, due to the strong adsorption ability of finer particle as silt that driving the P distribution, this study suggests a greater focus on the effects of fine sediment particles transport for the diffuse pollution control towards the whole basin.

磷在大型流域的迁移和沉积与河流沉积物的空间分布特征和营养状况密切相关。收集了来自黄河（YR）的地表水（SW），悬浮沉积物（SS），河床沉积物（BS）和沉积物岩心的样本。通过标准测量和测试方法确定了不同的分数，包括总磷（TP），有机磷（OP），无机磷（IP），HCl-P和NaOH-P。结果表明，上，中，下游沉积质地表现出空间异质性。Pearson相关分析和冗余分析表明，中等粒度（Mz）是影响P和分数的最不利因素，表明粉砂含量的重要性。此外，TP和HCl-P含量呈正相关且显着相关，计算的相关系数为0.96（p <0.05）。Fe氧化物对沉积物中NaOH-P的吸收具有最大的积极影响，其次是Al和Mn氧化物。从沉积物岩心的角度来看，玫瑰数字和logistic回归曲线显示出明显的增长趋势，这表明随着泥沙含量的增加，垂直污染状况变得更加严重。总体而言，由于细颗粒物（如粉砂）的强大吸附能力驱动了P的分布，因此该研究建议更加关注细颗粒物的运移对整个盆地的扩散污染控制的影响。Fe氧化物对沉积物中NaOH-P的吸收具有最大的积极影响，其次是Al和Mn氧化物。从沉积物岩心的角度来看，玫瑰数字和logistic回归曲线显示出明显的增长趋势，这表明随着泥沙含量的增加，垂直污染状况变得更加严重。总体而言，由于细颗粒物（如粉砂）的强大吸附能力驱动了P的分布，因此该研究建议更加关注细颗粒沉积物的运移对整个盆地的扩散污染控制的影响。Fe氧化物对沉积物中NaOH-P的吸收具有最大的积极影响，其次是Al和Mn氧化物。从沉积物岩心的角度来看，玫瑰数字和logistic回归曲线显示出明显的增长趋势，这表明随着泥沙含量的增加，垂直污染状况变得更加严重。总体而言，由于细颗粒物（如粉砂）的强大吸附能力驱动了P的分布，因此该研究建议更加关注细颗粒沉积物的运移对整个盆地的扩散污染控制的影响。