The aim of this study is to validate the Arabic version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS), and to investigate the extent of its invariance across five Arab countries and gender. A back-translated version of the BPNSFS, the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) were administered to a sample consisting of 1082 undergraduate students affiliated with universities in five Arab countries (487 males and 595 females: Mage = 20.04 ± 1.87 years). The data of the BPNSFS were examined for univariate and multivariate normality using Shapiro–Wilk tests and Mardia’s coefficient, respectively. To evaluate and compare the four models with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), we used the following goodness-of-fit indices: the chi-square value (χ2), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), Root Mean-Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and Baysian Information Criterion (BIC). A multi-group CFA [Byrne in Structural equation modeling with EQS: basic concepts, applications, and programming, Routledge, Abingdon, 2013] on the BPNSFS structure to examine its invariance across the five Arab countries and across genders. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the generalizability of the BPNSFS’s six-factor model to the five Arab countries. The relationships between the six psychological needs satisfaction and frustrations and both mental health and symptoms of depression provide additional evidence on the construct validity of the BPNSFS through cross cultural data. The findings of BPNSFS’s measurement invariance across males and females and across the five Arab countries help ensure that the latent means are comparable across these different groups. The study concluded that the Arabic version of the BPNSFS which measures satisfaction and frustration of the three basic needs (autonomy, competency, and relatedness) is proved to be invariant across the five Arab countries and gender and can be used to compare the basic psychological needs in the Arab context.

中文翻译：

---

阿拉伯语版基本心理需求满意度-挫败量表 (BPNSFS) 的心理测量特性

本研究的目的是验证阿拉伯语版本的基本心理需求满足和挫败量表（BPNSFS），并调查其在五个阿拉伯国家和性别中的不变性程度。BPNSFS 的反向翻译版本、贝克抑郁量表第二版 (BDI-II) 和华威-爱丁堡心理健康量表 (WEMWBS) 的样本由 1082 名隶属大学的本科生组成。五个阿拉伯国家（487 名男性和 595 名女性：法师 = 20.04 ± 1.87 岁）。分别使用 Shapiro-Wilk 检验和 Mardia 系数检查 BPNSFS 数据的单变量和多变量正态性。为了通过验证性因素分析（CFA）评估和比较这四个模型，我们使用了以下拟合优度指数：卡方值（χ2）、比较拟合指数（CFI）、Tucker-Lewis指数（TLI）、均方根近似误差 (RMSEA) 和贝叶斯信息准则 (BIC)。对 BPNSFS 结构进行多组 CFA [Byrne 使用 EQS 进行结构方程建模：基本概念、应用和编程，Routledge、Abingdon，2013 年]，以检查其在五个阿拉伯国家和性别之间的不变性。验证性因素分析的结果支持 BPNSFS 六因素模型对五个阿拉伯国家的普遍适用性。六种心理需求满足和挫折与心理健康和抑郁症状之间的关系通过跨文化数据为 BPNSFS 的构建有效性提供了额外的证据。BPNSFS 在男性和女性以及五个阿拉伯国家之间的测量不变性的发现有助于确保这些不同群体之间的潜在均值具有可比性。该研究得出的结论是，衡量三种基本需求（自主性、能力和相关性）的满意度和挫败感的 BPNSFS 阿拉伯语版本被证明在五个阿拉伯国家和性别之间是不变的，可用于比较基本心理需求在阿拉伯背景下。