ABSTRACT

In 1943, a report sent to the executive board of the New Education Fellowship (NEF) informed the board that, during a trip to South America in 1942, Carleton Washburne had formed sections in Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, Paraguay, and Brazil on the NEF’s behalf. In some publications, Washburne mentions that it was a study trip commissioned by the US Department of State but does not refer to the NEF. These documents lead to different narratives when analysed separately, but they reveal unexpected connections when confronted together. In 1941, the NEF’s Eighth International Conference was held in the USA in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The conference in the USA was a unique opportunity to strengthen the bonds with Latin American countries that, until that moment, had barely participated in NEF activities. However, the conference also coincided with the US political agenda related to the Good Neighbour policy. Some months later, Washburne started his trip to South America, which was commissioned by the Division of Cultural Relations, a division of the US Department of State. Between April and September 1942, he visited schools, met political authorities and renowned educators, and delivered lectures on the New Education. Based on Washburne’s trip to South America, the following article explores how the New Education Fellowship, Progressive Education Association, and US Department of State were intertwined. Thus, using the vestiges and traces left in different documents such as correspondence, reports, magazines and newspapers, I explore the notion of networks while turning the scales of analysis towards a connected history.

摘要

1943 年，一份发给新教育奖学金 (NEF) 执行委员会的报告通知委员会，在 1942 年南美之行期间，卡尔顿沃什伯恩在哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、智利、巴拉圭和巴西成立了分部。 NEF 的代表。在一些出版物中，Washburne 提到这是美国国务院委托的一次考察旅行，但并未提及 NEF。这些文件在单独分析时会导致不同的叙述，但当它们一起面对时，它们会揭示出意想不到的联系。1941 年，NEF 第八届国际会议在美国密歇根州安娜堡召开。在美国举行的会议是一个独特的机会，可以加强与拉美国家之间的联系，在此之前，这些国家几乎没有参加过 NEF 的活动。然而，会议也恰逢美国与睦邻政策相关的政治议程。几个月后，沃什伯恩受美国国务院文化关系司的委托，开始了他的南美洲之行。1942 年 4 月至 9 月，他访问学校，会见政治当局和著名教育家，并就新教育发表演讲。以下文章基于沃什伯恩的南美之行，探讨了新教育奖学金、进步教育协会和美国国务院是如何交织在一起的。因此，我利用信件、报告、杂志和报纸等不同文件中留下的痕迹和痕迹，探索网络的概念，同时将分析的尺度转向关联的历史。