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“Students Who Have the Irish Tongue”: The Gaidhealtachd, Education, and State Formation in Covenanted Scotland, 1638–1651
Journal of British Studies ( IF 0.764 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-26 , DOI: 10.1017/jbr.2020.186
Salvatore Cipriano

This article examines the Scottish Covenanters’ initiatives to revamp educational provision in the Gaidhealtachd, the Gaelic-speaking portions of Scotland, from the beginning of the Scottish Revolution in 1638 to the Cromwellian conquest of Scotland in 1651. Scholars have explored in detail the range of educational schemes pursued by central governments in the seventeenth century to “civilize” the Gaidhealtachd, but few have engaged in an analysis of Covenanting schemes and how they differed from previous endeavors. While the Statutes of Iona are probably the best-known initiative to civilize the Gaidhealtachd and extirpate the Gaelic language, Covenanter schemes both adapted such policies and further innovated in order to serve the needs of a nascent confessional state. In particular, Covenanting schemes represented a unique and pragmatic way to address the Gaidhealtachd's educational deficiencies because they sought practical accommodation of the Gaelic language and preferred the matriculation of Gaelophone scholars into the universities. These measures not only represented a new strategy for integrating the Gaelic periphery into the Scottish state but were also notable for the ways in which they incorporated Gaelophone students into Scotland's higher education orbit—a stark departure from the educational situation in Ireland. By drawing on underutilized manuscript and printed sources, this article examines how the Covenanters refurbished education in the Gaidhealtachd and posits that the Covenanter schemes represented a key facet of the broader process of state formation in 1640s Scotland.

中文翻译:

“使用爱尔兰语的学生”:1638-1651 年在盟约苏格兰的 Gaidhealtachd、教育和国家形成

本文考察了从 1638 年苏格兰革命开始到 1651 年克伦威尔征服苏格兰期间,苏格兰盟约者对苏格兰盖尔语地区 Gaidhealtachd 的教育提供进行改造的举措。学者们详细探讨了17 世纪中央政府为“开化” Gaidhealtachd 而推行的教育计划,但很少有人分析圣约计划以及它们与以前的努力有何不同。虽然《爱奥那州章程》可能是最有名的开化 Gaidhealtachd 和根除盖尔语的倡议,但 Covenanter 计划既调整了这些政策,又进一步创新,以满足新生的忏悔国家的需求。特别是,契约计划代表了一种独特而实用的方式来解决 Gaidhealtachd 的教育缺陷,因为他们寻求盖尔语的实际适应,并更喜欢盖尔语学者进入大学。这些措施不仅代表了将盖尔语边缘地区融入苏格兰国家的新战略,而且还以将盖尔语学生纳入苏格兰高等教育轨道的方式而引人注目——这与爱尔兰的教育状况截然不同。通过利用未充分利用的手稿和印刷资料,本文研究了盟约者如何翻新 Gaidhealtachd 的教育,并假设盟约者计划代表了 1640 年代苏格兰更广泛的国家形成过程的一个关键方面。s 教育缺陷,因为他们寻求盖尔语的实际适应,并更喜欢盖尔语学者进入大学。这些措施不仅代表了将盖尔语边缘地区融入苏格兰国家的新战略,而且还以将盖尔语学生纳入苏格兰高等教育轨道的方式而引人注目——这与爱尔兰的教育状况截然不同。通过利用未充分利用的手稿和印刷资料,本文研究了盟约者如何翻新 Gaidhealtachd 的教育,并假设盟约者计划代表了 1640 年代苏格兰更广泛的国家形成过程的一个关键方面。s 教育缺陷,因为他们寻求盖尔语的实际适应,并更喜欢盖尔语学者进入大学。这些措施不仅代表了将盖尔语边缘地区融入苏格兰国家的新战略,而且还以将盖尔语学生纳入苏格兰高等教育轨道的方式而引人注目——这与爱尔兰的教育状况截然不同。通过利用未充分利用的手稿和印刷资料,本文研究了盟约者如何翻新 Gaidhealtachd 的教育,并假设盟约者计划代表了 1640 年代苏格兰更广泛的国家形成过程的一个关键方面。
更新日期:2021-01-26
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