In the long-distance water supply system, the air tank can effectively protect the water hammer when the pump stops, and the shape parameters of the air tank determine the protective effect. Based on the theory of rigid water body and harmonic vibration, this paper derived the calculation formulas for the surge and bottom pressure changing process of the air tank in the system with and without friction and impedance and put forward the theoretical method to estimate the air tank volume and established the relationship between the operating parameters and the volume. Combined with the actual water supply project, under different working conditions, the theoretical calculation results and numerical simulation results were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the theoretical calculation results of the system with friction and impedance had a better fitting performance than the numerical simulation results, and the operating parameters of the air tank derived after considering the influence of friction and impedance were accurate. This method can simplify the selection process of air tank body parameters. At the same time, the shape optimization of the air tank considering friction and impedance can be improved by 40–50% compared with the results of ignoring friction and impedance.

在长距离供水系统中，当泵停止时，气罐可以有效地保护水锤，并且气罐的形状参数决定了保护效果。基于刚性水体和谐波振动的理论，推导了系统在无摩擦和无阻抗情况下储气罐喘振和底压变化过程的计算公式，提出了估算储气罐的理论方法。并建立了运行参数与体积之间的关系。结合实际供水工程，在不同工况下，对理论计算结果和数值模拟结果进行了比较分析。结果表明，具有摩擦和阻抗的系统的理论计​​算结果比数值模拟结果具有更好的拟合性能，并且在考虑了摩擦和阻抗的影响后得出的储气罐运行参数是准确的。这种方法可以简化气罐车身参数的选择过程。同时，与忽略摩擦和阻抗的结果相比，考虑到摩擦和阻抗的气罐的形状优化可以提高40–50％。