Abstract

Neuropsychological assessment can enrich our understanding of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (PB). This study aimed to: (1) analyze the occurrence of neuropsychological frequency of deficits and difficulties in children with PB; (2) verify whether there is a performance difference between PB type I (PB-I) and PB type II (PB-II)/unspecified, and between PB with and without ADHD; and (3) verify the cognitive efficiency differences within the PB group and control groups, and among clinical subgroups. Participants in the study were 16 children diagnosed with PB and 40 children with typical development (6–12 years old). The results indicated a high frequency of deficits/difficulties in verbal fluency, cognitive efficiency in performing basic abilities, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, with emphasis on verbal and executive losses. There were indications that type PB-I and comorbidity with ADHD negatively impact a child’s neuropsychological development. The clinical group showed more cognitive efficiency losses compared with the control group, and greater losses were observed in PB-I and in PB with ADHD. The role of neuropsychological evaluation in multidomain and nonlinear statistical analysis is critical to gaining an understanding of the clinical and cognitive heterogeneity of PB.

摘要

神经心理学评估可以丰富我们对小儿双相情感障碍 (PB) 的理解。本研究旨在：（1）分析PB患儿出现神经心理缺陷和困难的频率；(2) 验证 PB I 型 (PB-I) 和 PB II 型 (PB-II)/unspecified 以及 PB 与 ADHD 之间是否存在性能差异；(3) 验证 PB 组和对照组内以及临床亚组之间的认知效率差异。该研究的参与者是 16 名被诊断患有 PB 的儿童和 40 名具有典型发育的儿童（6-12 岁）。结果表明，在语言流利度、执行基本能力的认知效率、抑制控制、认知灵活性和工作记忆方面存在高频率的缺陷/困难，重点是口头和执行损失。有迹象表明，PB-I 型和 ADHD 合并症会对儿童的神经心理发育产生负面影响。与对照组相比，临床组表现出更多的认知效率损失，并且在 PB-I 和患有 ADHD 的 PB 中观察到更大的损失。神经心理学评估在多域和非线性统计分析中的作用对于了解 PB 的临床和认知异质性至关重要。