In pregnant and lactating sows, metabolism and immunity undergo drastic changes, which can lead to constipation, abortion, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and reduce production performance. Dietary fiber can regulate animal gut microbiota, alleviate inflammatory responses, and improve performance. Here, 48 sows (Large × Landrace) were randomly allocated to groups including, control, and with alfalfa meal (AM), beet pulp, and soybean skin dietary supplementation for 60 days of gestation. The AM diet decreased IUGR, increased food intake during lactation, and promoted the reproductive performance and physical condition of sows. Further, the AM diet significantly reduced markers of intestinal permeability (reactive oxygen species and endotoxin) in sow serum, and of systemic inflammation (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in sow feces and serum, as well as piglet serum, while it increased the anti-inflammatory marker, IL-10, in sow serum and feces. The AM diet also significantly affected gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of proinflammatory bacteria, while decreasing anti-inflammatory bacteria. Moreover, the total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content was higher in feces from sows fed an AM diet, with butyric acid content significantly higher during lactation, than in controls. Sow performance was correlated with intestinal permeability, inflammation, and gut microbiota, which were also vertically transmitted to piglets. Our results are significant for guiding feed management in the pig breeding industry. Further, the “sows to piglets” model provides a reference for the effect of dietary fiber on the gastrointestinal function of human mothers and infants.

中文翻译：

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怀孕期间来自不同来源的膳食纤维消耗改变了母猪肠道菌群，提高了生产性能并减少了母猪和仔猪的炎症

在怀孕和哺乳期的母猪中，新陈代谢和免疫力发生急剧变化，这可能导致便秘，流产和宫内生长受限（IUGR），并降低生产性能。膳食纤维可以调节动物肠道菌群，减轻炎症反应，并改善生产性能。在这里，将48头母猪（大×长白）随机分配到各组，包括对照组，并伴以苜蓿草粉（AM），甜菜果肉和大豆皮，在妊娠60天时进行膳食补充。AM饮食减少了IUGR，增加了泌乳期间的食物摄入量，并促进了母猪的繁殖性能和身体状况。此外，AM日粮可显着降低母猪血清中肠道通透性的指标（活性氧和内毒素），以及母猪粪便和血清以及仔猪血清中的全身性炎症（白介素6 [IL-6]和肿瘤坏死因子α），而它增加了母猪血清和粪便中的抗炎标记IL-10。AM饮食还可以通过增加促炎细菌的相对丰度，同时减少消炎细菌来显着影响肠道菌群。此外，饲喂AM日粮的母猪粪便中总短链脂肪酸（SCFA）含量较高，泌乳期间的丁酸含量明显高于对照组。母猪的生长性能与肠道通透性，炎症和肠道菌群有关，它们也垂直传播给仔猪。我们的结果对于指导猪育种行业的饲料管理具有重要意义。进一步，