A primary goal of ecological restoration is to increase biodiversity in degraded ecosystems. However, the success of restoration ecology is often assessed by measuring the response of a single functional group or trophic level to restoration, without considering how restoration affects multitrophic interactions that shape biodiversity. An ecosystem-wide approach to restoration is therefore necessary to understand whether animal responses to restoration, such as changes in biodiversity, are facilitated by changes in plant communities (plant-driven effects) or disturbance and succession resulting from restoration activities (management-driven effects). Furthermore, most restoration ecology studies focus on how restoration alters taxonomic diversity, while less attention is paid to the response of functional and phylogenetic diversity in restored ecosystems. Here, we compared the strength of plant-driven and management-driven effects of restoration on four animal communities (ground beetles, dung beetles, snakes, and small mammals) in a chronosequence of restored tallgrass prairie, where sites varied in management history (prescribed fire and bison reintroduction). Our analyses indicate that management-driven effects on animal communities were six-times stronger than effects mediated through changes in plant biodiversity. Additionally, we demonstrate that restoration can simultaneously have positive and negative effects on biodiversity through different pathways, which may help reconcile variation in restoration outcomes. Furthermore, animal taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity responded differently to restoration, suggesting that restoration plans might benefit from considering multiple dimensions of animal biodiversity. We conclude that metrics of plant diversity alone may not be adequate to assess the success of restoration in reassembling functional ecosystems.

生态恢复的主要目标是增加退化生态系统中的生物多样性。但是，恢复生态学的成功通常是通过测量单个功能组或营养水平对恢复的反应来评估的，而没有考虑恢复如何影响形成生物多样性的多营养相互作用。因此，有必要采用全生态系统的恢复方法来了解动物对恢复的反应（例如生物多样性的变化）是否受到植物群落变化（植物驱动的影响）或恢复活动导致的干扰和演替（管理驱动的影响）的促进）。此外，大多数恢复生态学研究都集中在恢复如何改变分类学多样性上，而对恢复的生态系统中功能和系统发育多样性的响应关注较少。在这里，我们比较了在恢复的高草草原的时序中，植物管理和管理驱动的恢复对四个动物群落（地上的甲虫、,、甲虫，蛇和小型哺乳动物）的影响的强度，其中管理历史的地点有所不同（规定火和野牛再引入）。我们的分析表明，由管理驱动的对动物群落的影响比通过植物生物多样性变化所介导的影响强六倍。此外，我们证明了恢复可通过不同途径同时对生物多样性产生正面和负面影响，这可能有助于调和恢复结果的差异。此外，动物分类学和系统发育多样性对恢复的反应不同，这表明恢复计划可能会因考虑到动物生物多样性的多个方面而受益。我们得出的结论是，仅植物多样性的指标可能不足以评估恢复功能生态系统重组的成功程度。