The land‐sea contrast in the Maritime Continent (MC) has been found to influence the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). However, the specific contribution from individual islands to the precipitation over the surrounding islands during MJO propagation is not well known. We found that when an island is removed in the presence of lower‐tropospheric westerlies, precipitation increases over islands that are located to its east due to the strengthening of the westerlies. Frictional convergence of the stronger westerlies, aided by Coriolis, leads to an increase in vertical advection of moisture and precipitation over an island located to the east. On the other hand, the reduced heating over the removed island reduces the westerlies and precipitation to the west of the removed island and is consistent with the response of large‐scale circulation to tropical heating. During background easterlies prior to MJO arrival, a systematic decrease in precipitation was found in the surrounding islands to the west side of the removed island. But, on the eastern side of the removed island, no systematic change in precipitation was found. The results imply that changes in large‐scale circulation in response to convection (or a lack thereof) over a removed island may significantly influence precipitation in the neighboring islands. Therefore, biases in model precipitation over an island in the MC may arise from bias in precipitation over a neighboring island. Moreover, the presence of different island chains in the MC has led to a more conducive environment for more overall precipitation over the islands in the MC.

中文翻译：

---

MJO传播过程中海陆相邻岛屿对流引起的土地降水的系统模式

已经发现海事大陆（MC）中的陆海对比会影响Madden-Julian涛动（MJO）。然而，在MJO传播过程中，各个岛屿对周围岛屿降水的具体贡献尚不清楚。我们发现，当在低对流层西风的存在下将一个小岛清除时，由于西风的加强，位于其东部的小岛上的降水会增加。在科里奥利的帮助下，较强的西风的摩擦会聚导致位于东部的岛屿上水分和降水的垂直对流增加。另一方面，减少的岛屿上的热量减少，减少了被删除的岛屿西侧的西风和降水，这与大规模环流对热带加热的响应是一致的。在MJO到达之前的背景东风期间，在被拆除岛屿西侧的周围岛屿中发现了系统的降水减少。但是，在被拆除的岛屿的东侧，没有发现降水的系统变化。结果表明，由于对流岛（或缺少对流岛）的对流（或缺乏对流），大规模环流的变化可能会显着影响邻近岛上的降水。因此，MC岛上模型降水的偏差可能是由于邻近岛上的降水偏差引起的。而且，