The rapidly collapsing glacial systems of the Alps produced a large number of melt-water lakes and mires after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the Late Glacial period. The Rhone-Aare-glacier system gave rise to large moorlands and lakes in the region of the Three Lakes Region of Western Switzerland. When moorlands are formed, they are efficient sinks of atmospheric carbon, but when transformed to agricultural land they are significant C sources. In addition, mires can be used as archives for reconstructing landscape evolution. We explored in more detail the dynamics of the landscape of the Three Lakes Region with a particular focus on the formation and degradation of mires. The Bernese part of the Three Lakes Region developed to become—after the optimisation of the water-levels of the Swiss Jura—the vegetable belt of Switzerland. The situation for agriculture, however, has now become critical due to an overexploitation of the peatland. Until c. 13 ka BP the entire region was hydrologically connected. An additional lake existed at the western end of the plain receiving sediments from the Aare river. Around 13 ka BP, this lake was isolated from the Aare river and completely silted up until c. 10 ka BP when a mire started to form. In the valley floor (‘Grosses Moos’), the meandering Aare and the varying level of the nearby lake of Neuchâtel caused a spatio-temporally patchy formation of mires (start of formation: 10–3 ka BP). Strong morphodynamics having high erosion and sedimentation rates and a high variability of the chemical composition of the deposited material prevailed during the early Holocene until c. 7.5 ka BP. The situation remained relatively quiet between 5 and 2 ka BP. However, during the last 2000 years the hydrodynamic and geomorphic activities have increased again. The optimisation of the Swiss Jura water-levels during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries enabled the transformation of moorland into arable land. As a consequence, the moorland strongly degraded. Mean annual C-losses in agricultural land are c. 4.9 t ha−1 and c. 2.4 t ha−1 in forests. Because forests limit, but not stop, the degradation of mires, agroforestry might be tested and propagated in future as alternative land-use systems for such sensitive areas.

中文翻译：

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瑞士蔬菜带泥炭沼泽的形成与衰变

阿尔卑斯山迅速崩塌的冰川系统在冰川末期的末次盛冰期（LGM）之后产生了大量的融水湖和泥潭。罗纳河-阿雷河冰川系统在瑞士西部的三湖地区引起了大片的荒地和湖泊。形成沼泽地时，它们是有效的大气碳汇，但是当转化为农田时，它们便是重要的碳源。此外，泥潭可以用作重建景观演变的档案。我们更详细地探讨了三湖地区的景观动态，特别关注泥潭的形成和退化。在优化瑞士汝拉州的水位之后，三湖区的伯尔尼地区发展成为瑞士的蔬菜地带。然而，由于泥炭地的过度开发，农业状况现在变得至关重要。直到c。13 ka BP整个区域在水文上联系在一起。平原的西端还存在一个额外的湖泊，用于接收来自阿雷河的沉积物。大约13 ka BP，这个湖与Aare河隔离开来，完全淤塞到c。当泥潭开始形成时，压力为10 ka BP。在谷底（“ Grosses Moos”），曲折的阿雷河（Aare）和附近纳沙泰尔湖水位的变化导致泥潭的时空斑片状形成（开始形成：10–3 ka BP）。在新世早期至c之前，具有强的形态动力学，具有较高的侵蚀和沉积速率，并且沉积材料的化学成分具有较高的变异性。7.5 ka BP。在5到2 ka BP之间，局势仍然相对平静。然而，在过去的2000年中，水动力和地貌活动又增加了。在19世纪和20世纪，瑞士汝拉州的水位得到了优化，从而将荒地转变为耕地。结果，荒地严重退化。农用土地的年均C损失为c。4.9 t ha-1和c。在森林中2.4 t ha-1。由于森林限制但不止于沼泽的退化，因此将来可能会测试并传播农用林业，作为此类敏感地区的替代土地利用系统。在19世纪和20世纪，瑞士汝拉州的水位得到了优化，从而将荒地转变为耕地。结果，荒地严重退化。农用土地的年均C损失为c。4.9 t ha-1和c。在森林中2.4 t ha-1。由于森林限制但不止于沼泽的退化，因此将来可能会测试并传播农用林业，作为此类敏感地区的替代土地利用系统。在19世纪和20世纪，瑞士汝拉州的水位得到了优化，从而将荒地转变为耕地。结果，荒地严重退化。农用土地的年均C损失为c。4.9 t ha-1和c。在森林中2.4 t ha-1。由于森林限制但不止于沼泽的退化，因此将来可能会测试并传播农用林业，作为此类敏感地区的替代土地利用系统。