Functional neurological disorder (FND) encompasses a complex and heterogeneous group of neuropsychiatric syndromes commonly encountered in clinical practice. Patients with FND may present with a myriad of neurological symptoms and frequently have comorbid medical, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Over the past decade, important advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of FND within a biopsychosocial framework. Many challenges remain in addressing the stigma associated with this diagnosis, refining diagnostic criteria, and providing access to evidence-based treatments. This paper outlines FND treatment approaches, emphasizing the importance of respectful communication and comprehensive explanation of the diagnosis to patients, as critical first step to enhance engagement, adherence, self-agency, and treatment outcomes. We then focus on a brief review of evidence-based treatments for psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and functional movement disorder, a guide for designing future treatment trials for FND, and a proposal for a treatment research agenda, in order to aid in advancing the field to develop and implement treatments for patients with FND.

中文翻译：

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功能性神经障碍的治疗：现状、未来方向和研究议程

功能性神经障碍 (FND) 包括临床实践中常见的一组复杂且异质的神经精神综合征。FND 患者可能会出现多种神经系统症状，并且经常合并内科、神经和精神疾病。在过去的十年中，在生物心理社会框架内理解 FND 的病理生理学方面取得了重要进展。在解决与该诊断相关的污名、完善诊断标准和提供循证治疗方面仍存在许多挑战。本文概述了 FND 治疗方法，强调尊重患者的沟通和全面解释诊断的重要性，这是提高参与度、依从性、自我代理和治疗结果的关键第一步。