In recent decades, co-production has become a cornerstone both in science and policy-making, motivating further collaboration between different actors. To scrutinize such participatory processes within the climate and energy fields, we conducted a critical systematic review of 183 records, which includes scientific publications, but also other initiatives coming from the public administration or the non-profit sector. First, we unpack six aspects of co-production: (1) the different levels of participation; (2) the emerging topics and issues; (3) the scale and location at which initiatives are conducted; (4) the actors who take part in the processes; (5) the different methods and tools for participation and (6) the outcomes and transformational potential of the initiatives. Our results show that real co-production is still far from being mainstream, with consultation still accounting for a majority of initiatives. Themes remain focused on the mitigation sphere, a tendency related to a majority of the records happening in developed countries. However, we also observe new categories of actors challenging traditional decision-making, as well as emerging methods and tools opening the space for more social innovation and participation. Following, in our critical analysis, we argue that there is a crucial need for a better interconnection between science and policy (especially at national and international scales) and that a reflection on transformation is fundamental when planning any participatory initiative. We finally claim that, despite not being a silver bullet, meaningful citizen participation constitutes a viable alternative to tackle today's complex problems.

在最近的几十年中，共同制作已成为科学和政策制定的基石，激励着不同参与者之间的进一步合作。为了仔细研究气候和能源领域的这种参与过程，我们对183条记录进行了重要的系统审查，其中包括科学出版物，还包括来自公共管理或非营利部门的其他倡议。首先，我们分析了联合制作的六个方面：（1）不同的参与水平；（2）新出现的话题和问题；（3）进行倡议的规模和地点；（四）参与过程的演员；（5）参与的不同方法和工具，以及（6）计划的成果和变革潜力。我们的结果表明，真正的联合制作仍远未成为主流，咨询仍然占了大多数倡议。主题仍然集中在缓解领域，这一趋势与发达国家发生的大多数记录有关。但是，我们也观察到挑战传统决策的新型参与者，以及新兴的方法和工具为更多的社会创新和参与打开了空间。接下来，在我们的批判性分析中，我们认为迫切需要科学与政策之间更好的相互联系（尤其是在国家和国际范围内），并且在计划任何参与计划时，对变革的反思至关重要。我们最终声称，尽管不是灵丹妙药，但有意义的公民参与是解决当今复杂问题的可行选择。