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Cost of Medicare for All: Review of the Estimates
Applied Health Economics and Health Policy ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s40258-021-00636-6
John A Nyman 1
Affiliation  

This paper critically evaluates the estimates of the cost of Medicare for All (M4A) in the USA. Six studies that estimate the 1-year total cost of M4A in the USA are reviewed. These studies find that M4A would increase national health spending by as much as 16.9% or decrease it by 20.0%, representing a range of estimates that generates uncertainty and confusion regarding what to expect if M4A were implemented. To develop more comparable estimates, the national health spending in each study’s comparison year is used as the baseline. Estimates of the change in national health spending under M4A for each report are broken down into five important components of costs and the percentage change from baseline is calculated. The assumptions regarding these cost components are evaluated for each study, and errors and inconsistencies identified. Using data from the literature and findings that are consistent across the reports where they exist, errors and inconsistencies are corrected, and new estimates of the cost components and the overall change in national health spending are calculated. After eliminating one of the reports as having methods that are too opaque to adjust and being an implausible outlier, and adjusting the findings of the remaining five reports, this paper finds that M4A would generate savings from 2.0 to 5.1% of baseline national health spending, averaging 3.9%. M4A would cost about 4% less than current national health spending, and eliminate the uninsured, expand coverage, and likely improve the health of Americans.



中文翻译:

全民医疗保险费用:估算审查

本文批判性地评估了美国全民医疗保险 (M4A) 的成本估算。回顾了六项估计美国 M4A 一年总成本的研究。这些研究发现,M4A 将使国家卫生支出增加多达 16.9% 或减少 20.0%,这代表了一系列估计,如果实施 M4A,将会产生不确定性和混乱。为了进行更具可比性的估计,每个研究比较年份的国家卫生支出被用作基线。每份报告的 M4A 下国家卫生支出变化的估计被分解为成本的五个重要组成部分,并计算相对于基线的百分比变化。每项研究都会评估有关这些成本构成的假设,并确定错误和不一致之处。使用文献中的数据和在存在的报告中一致的发现,纠正错误和不一致之处,并计算成本构成和国家卫生支出总体变化的新估计。在排除其中一份报告的方法太不透明而无法调整并且是一个令人难以置信的异常值后,并调整了其余五份报告的调查结果后,本文发现 M4A 将节省基线国家卫生支出的 2.0% 至 5.1%,平均 3.9%。M4A 的成本将比目前的国家医疗支出低约 4%,并消除未投保的人群,扩大覆盖范围,并可能改善美国人的健康状况。计算成本构成的新估计值和国家卫生支出的总体变化。在排除其中一份报告的方法太不透明而无法调整并且是一个令人难以置信的异常值后,并调整了其余五份报告的调查结果后,本文发现 M4A 将节省基线国家卫生支出的 2.0% 至 5.1%,平均 3.9%。M4A 的成本将比目前的国家医疗支出低约 4%,并消除未投保的人群,扩大覆盖范围,并可能改善美国人的健康状况。计算成本构成的新估计值和国家卫生支出的总体变化。在排除其中一份报告的方法太不透明而无法调整并且是一个令人难以置信的异常值后,并调整了其余五份报告的调查结果后,本文发现 M4A 将节省基线国家卫生支出的 2.0% 至 5.1%,平均 3.9%。M4A 的成本将比目前的国家医疗支出低约 4%,并消除未投保的人群,扩大覆盖范围,并可能改善美国人的健康状况。本文发现,M4A 将节省基线国家卫生支出的 2.0% 至 5.1%,平均为 3.9%。M4A 的成本将比目前的国家医疗支出低约 4%,并消除未投保的人群,扩大覆盖范围,并可能改善美国人的健康状况。本文发现,M4A 将节省基线国家卫生支出的 2.0% 至 5.1%,平均为 3.9%。M4A 的成本将比目前的国家医疗支出低约 4%,并消除未投保的人群,扩大覆盖范围,并可能改善美国人的健康状况。

更新日期:2021-01-25
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