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Rock alteration at the post-Variscan nonconformity: implications for Carboniferous-Permian surface weathering versus burial diagenesis and paleoclimate evaluation
Solid Earth ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 , DOI: 10.5194/se-2020-221
Fei Liang , Jun Niu , Adrian Linsel , Matthias Hinderer , Dirk Scheuvens , Rainer Petschick

Abstract. A nonconformity refers to a hiatal surface located between metamorphic or igneous rocks and overlying sedimentary or volcanic rocks. Those surfaces are key features to understand the relations among climate, lithosphere and tectonic movements during ancient time. In this study, the petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of Variscan basement rock and its overlying Permian volcano-sedimentary succession from a drill core in the Sprendlinger Horst, Germany are analyzed by means of polarization microscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscope, X-Ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry analyses. In the gabbroic diorite of the basement, the intensity of micro- and macro-fractures increases towards the top indicating an intense physical weathering. The overlying Permian volcanic rock is a basaltic andesite which shows less intense physical weathering compared to the gabbroic diorite. In both segments, secondary minerals are dominated by illite and a mix-layer phase of illite and smectite (I/S). The corrected chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) indicate an intermediate to unweathered degree in the gabbroic diorite and an extreme to unweathered degree in the basaltic andesite. The τ value for both basaltic andesite and gabbroic diorite indicate an abnormal enrichment of K, Rb, and Cs that cannot be observed in the overlying Permian sedimentary rocks. Accompanying hydrothermal minerals such as adularia suggest subsequent overprint by (K-rich) hydrothermal fluids during burial diagenesis which promoted the conversion from smectite to illite. The overall order of element depletion in both basaltic andesite and gabbroic diorite during the weathering process is as follows: Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE) > Rear earth elements (REE) > High Field Strength Element (HFSE). Concerning the REE, heavy rare earth elements (HREE) are less depleted than light rare earth elements (LREE). Our study shows that features of supergene physical and chemical paleo-weathering are well conserved at the post-Variscan nonconformity despite hypogene alteration. Both can be distinguished by characteristic minerals and geochemical indices, with the results, a new workflow to eliminate distractions for paleoclimate evaluation and evolution is well developed.

中文翻译:

后Variscan不整合面的岩石蚀变:对石炭-二叠纪地表风化与埋藏成岩作用和古气候评估的影响

摘要。不整合面是指位于变质岩或火成岩与上覆的沉积岩或火山岩之间的裂隙表面。这些表面是了解古代气候,岩石圈和构造运动之间关系的关键特征。在这项研究中,通过极化显微镜,环境扫描电子显微镜,X-射线衍射,X射线荧光和电感耦合等离子体质谱分析。在地下辉长岩闪长岩中,微裂缝和宏观裂缝的强度向顶部增加,表明强烈的物理风化作用。上覆的二叠纪火山岩是玄武质安山岩,与辉长岩闪长岩相比,其物理风化强度较小。在这两个部分中,次生矿物均以伊利石和伊利石与蒙脱石(I / S)的混合层相为主。校正后的化学变化指数(CIA)和斜长石蚀变指数(PIA)表示辉长岩闪长岩为中等至未风化度,而玄武质安山岩为极端至未风化度。玄武质安山岩和辉长岩闪长岩的τ值表明K,Rb和Cs异常富集,这在上覆的二叠纪沉积岩中无法观察到。伴随着诸如adularia之类的热液矿物表明,在埋藏成岩过程中,随后(富含钾的)热液会覆盖,从而促进了绿土向伊利石的转化。在风化过程中,玄武质安山岩和辉长岩闪长岩中元素的总体耗竭顺序如下:大型离子锂离子燃料元素(LILE)>后土元素(REE)>高场强元素(HFSE)。关于稀土,重稀土元素(HREE)的消耗比轻稀土元素(LREE)少。我们的研究表明,尽管后基因发生了变化,但在后Varisscan不整合面中,超基因物理和化学古风化的特征得到了很好的保留。两者都可以通过特征矿物和地球化学指标来区分,结果是,开发出了消除干扰的新工作流程,以进行古气候评估和演化。大型离子亲锂元素(LILE)>后土元素(REE)>高场强元素(HFSE)。关于稀土,重稀土元素(HREE)的消耗比轻稀土元素(LREE)少。我们的研究表明,尽管后基因发生了变化,但在后Varisscan不整合面中,超基因物理和化学古风化的特征得到了很好的保留。两者都可以通过特征矿物和地球化学指标来区分,结果是,开发出了消除干扰的新工作流程,以进行古气候评估和演化。大型离子亲锂元素(LILE)>后土元素(REE)>高场强元素(HFSE)。关于稀土,重稀土元素(HREE)的消耗比轻稀土元素(LREE)少。我们的研究表明,尽管后基因发生了变化,但在后Varisscan不整合面中,超基因物理和化学古风化的特征得到了很好的保留。两者都可以通过特征矿物和地球化学指标来区分,结果是,开发出了消除干扰的新工作流程,以进行古气候评估和演化。我们的研究表明,尽管后基因发生了变化,但在后Varisscan不整合面中,超基因物理和化学古风化的特征得到了很好的保留。两者都可以通过特征矿物和地球化学指标来区分,结果是,开发出了消除干扰的新工作流程,以进行古气候评估和演化。我们的研究表明,尽管后基因发生了变化,但在后Varisscan不整合面中,超基因物理和化学古风化的特征得到了很好的保留。两者都可以通过特征矿物和地球化学指标来区分,结果是,开发出了消除干扰的新工作流程,以进行古气候评估和演化。
更新日期:2021-01-25
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