Thermoregulation, that is, the active control of temperature, is key to ensure proper brood development in both wild and captive bumblebee nests. In this study, thermoregulation dynamics were assessed relative to colony age and ambient temperature using commercially reared Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) colonies. We observed a positive relationship between brood and nest temperatures in response to ambient temperature. Thermoregulation investment (by either brooding or fanning) was lowest at brood surface temperatures between 33 and 34 °C and ambient temperatures between 28 and 32 °C. Brood temperature was less stable and thermoregulation investment higher in younger colonies, especially at lower ambient temperatures. Furthermore, queens initiated colonies sooner and colonies developed faster when kept at an ambient temperature of 29 °C as compared to 24 °C. Our results suggest that ambient temperatures are ideally kept between 29 and 31 °C.

中文翻译：

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大黄蜂熊蜂商业饲养群体的温度调节动力学

温度调节，即温度的主动控制，是确保野生和圈养大黄蜂巢中适当繁殖的关键。在这项研究中，使用商业饲养的Bombus terrestris L.（膜翅目，Ap科，Bombus）评估了相对于菌落年龄和环境温度的温度调节动力学。） 群落。我们观察到育雏温度与巢温之间的正相关关系。在育雏表面温度在33至34°C之间且环境温度在28至32°C之间时，温度调节投资（通过育雏或扇形展开）最低。育雏温度不稳定，年轻群体的体温调节投入更高，尤其是在较低的环境温度下。此外，皇后区更快地启动了菌落，并且在环境温度为29°C时与24°C相比，菌落发育更快。我们的结果表明环境温度理想地保持在29至31°C之间。