Massive death of cardiomyocytes is a major feature of cardiovascular diseases. Since the regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is limited, the regulation of their death has been receiving great attention. The cell death of cardiomyocytes is a complex mechanism that has not yet been clarified, and it is known to appear in various forms such as apoptosis, necrosis, etc. In ischemic heart disease, the apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes appear in two types of programmed forms (intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) and they account for a large portion of cell death. To repair damaged cardiomyocytes, diverse stem cell therapies have been attempted. However, despite the many positive effects, the low engraftment and survival rates have clearly limited the application of stem cells in clinical therapy. To solve these challenges, the introduction of the desired genes in stem cells can be used to enhance their capacity and improve their therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, as genome engineering technologies have advanced significantly, safer and more stable delivery of target genes and more accurate deletion of genes have become possible, which facilitates the genetic modification of stem cells. Accordingly, stem cell therapy for damaged cardiac tissue is expected to further improve. This review describes myocardial cell death, stem cell therapy for cardiac repair, and genome-editing technologies. In addition, we introduce recent stem cell therapies that incorporate genome-editing technologies in the myocardial infarction model.

心肌细胞大量死亡是心血管疾病的一大特征。由于心肌细胞的再生能力有限，其死亡的调控受到了广泛的关注。心肌细胞的细胞死亡是一个尚未阐明的复杂机制，已知以凋亡、坏死等多种形式出现。在缺血性心脏病中，心肌细胞的凋亡和坏死以两种程序性的形式出现。形式（内在和外在途径），它们占细胞死亡的很大一部分。为了修复受损的心肌细胞，已经尝试了多种干细胞疗法。然而，尽管有许多积极作用，但低植入率和存活率显然限制了干细胞在临床治疗中的应用。为了解决这些挑战，可以通过在干细胞中引入所需基因来增强其能力并提高其治疗效率。此外，随着基因组工程技术的显着进步，更安全、更稳定的靶基因传递和更准确的基因删除已成为可能，这有利于干细胞的基因改造。因此，针对受损心脏组织的干细胞疗法有望进一步改善。这篇综述描述了心肌细胞死亡、心脏修复的干细胞疗法和基因组编辑技术。此外，我们还介绍了最新的干细胞疗法，将基因组编辑技术融入心肌梗死模型中。