Abstract

Health exposure and perception of risk assessment have been evaluated on the populations exposed to different arsenic levels in drinking water (615, 301, 48, 20 µg/l), rice grain (792, 487, 588, 569 µg/kg) and vegetables (283, 187, 238, 300 µg/kg) from four villages in arsenic endemic Gaighata block, West Bengal. Dietary arsenic intake rates for the studied populations from extremely highly, highly, moderately, and mild arsenic-exposed areas were 56.03, 28.73, 11.30, and 9.13 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. Acute and chronic effects of arsenic toxicity were observed in ascending order from mild to extremely highly exposed populations. Statistical interpretation using ‘ANOVA’ proves a significant relationship between drinking water and biomarkers, whereas “two-tailed paired t test” justifies that the consumption of arsenic-contaminated dietary intakes is the considerable pathway of health risk exposure. According to the risk thermometer (SAMOE), drinking water belongs to risk class 5 (extremely highly and highly exposed area) and 4 (moderately and mild exposed area) category, whereas rice grain and vegetables belong to risk class 5 and 4, respectively, for all the differently exposed populations. The carcinogenic (ILCR) and non-carcinogenic risks (HQ) through dietary intakes for adults were much higher than the recommended threshold level, compared to the children. Supplementation of arsenic-safe drinking water and nutritional food is strictly recommended to overcome the severe arsenic crisis.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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印度西孟加拉邦Gaighata区块4个村庄饮用水和食品中不同砷含量人群的健康影响和风险评估

摘要

对暴露于饮用水（615、301、48、20 µg/l）、米粒（792、487、588、569 µg/kg）和蔬菜中不同砷水平的人群的健康暴露和风险评估感知进行了评估(283, 187, 238, 300 µg/kg) 来自西孟加拉邦 Gaighata 街区的四个村庄。来自极高、高度、中度和轻度砷暴露地区的研究人群的膳食砷摄入率分别为 56.03、28.73、11.30 和 9.13 微克/千克体重/天。砷毒性的急性和慢性影响按照从轻度到极高度暴露人群的升序进行观察。使用“方差分析”的统计解释证明了饮用水和生物标志物之间的显着关系，而“双尾配对 t 检验”证明摄入受砷污染的膳食摄入量是健康风险暴露的重要途径。根据风险温度计（SAMOE），饮用水属于风险等级 5（极高和高度暴露区域）和 4（中度和轻度暴露区域）类别，而米粒和蔬菜分别属于风险等级 5 和 4，对于所有不同暴露的人群。与儿童相比，成人通过膳食摄入的致癌风险 (ILCR) 和非致癌风险 (HQ) 远高于推荐的阈值水平。为克服严重的砷危机，强烈建议补充含砷安全的饮用水和营养食品。饮用水属于风险等级 5（极高和高度暴露区）和 4（中度和轻度暴露区）类别，而米粒和蔬菜分别属于所有不同暴露人群的风险等级 5 和 4。与儿童相比，成人通过膳食摄入的致癌风险 (ILCR) 和非致癌风险 (HQ) 远高于推荐的阈值水平。为克服严重的砷危机，强烈建议补充含砷安全的饮用水和营养食品。饮用水属于风险等级 5（极高和高度暴露区）和 4（中度和轻度暴露区）类别，而米粒和蔬菜分别属于所有不同暴露人群的风险等级 5 和 4。与儿童相比，成人通过膳食摄入的致癌风险 (ILCR) 和非致癌风险 (HQ) 远高于推荐的阈值水平。为克服严重的砷危机，强烈建议补充含砷安全的饮用水和营养食品。与儿童相比，成人通过膳食摄入的致癌风险 (ILCR) 和非致癌风险 (HQ) 远高于推荐的阈值水平。为克服严重的砷危机，强烈建议补充含砷安全的饮用水和营养食品。与儿童相比，成人膳食摄入的致癌风险 (ILCR) 和非致癌风险 (HQ) 远高于推荐的阈值水平。为克服严重的砷危机，强烈建议补充含砷安全的饮用水和营养食品。

图形摘要