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Cranial morphology of captive mammals: a meta-analysis
Frontiers in Zoology ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-23 , DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00386-0
Leila Siciliano-Martina , Jessica E. Light , A. Michelle Lawing

Captive facilities such as zoos are uniquely instrumental in conservation efforts. To fulfill their potential as bastions for conservation, zoos must preserve captive populations as appropriate proxies for their wild conspecifics; doing so will help to promote successful reintroduction efforts. Morphological changes within captive populations may be detrimental to the fitness of individual animals because these changes can influence functionality; thus, it is imperative to understand the breadth and depth of morphological changes occurring in captive populations. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of scientific literature reporting comparisons of cranial measures between captive and wild populations of mammals. We investigate the pervasiveness of cranial differences and whether cranial morphological changes are associated with ecological covariates specific to individual species, such as trophic level, dietary breadth, and home range size. Cranial measures of skull length, skull width, and the ratio of skull length-to-width differed significantly between many captive and wild populations of mammals reported in the literature. Roughly half of captive populations differed from wild populations in at least one cranial measure, although the degree of changes varied. Carnivorous species with a limited dietary breadth displayed the most consistent changes associated with skull widening. Species with a more generalized diet displayed less morphological changes in captivity. Wild and captive populations of mammals differed in cranial morphology, but the nature and magnitude of their cranial differences varied considerably across taxa. Although changes in cranial morphology occur in captivity, specific changes cannot be generalized for all captive mammal populations. The nature of cranial changes in captivity may be specific to particular taxonomic groups; thus, it may be possible to establish expectations across smaller taxonomic units, or even disparate groups that utilize their cranial morphology in a similar way. Given that morphological changes occurring in captive environments like zoos have the potential to limit reintroduction success, our results call for a critical evaluation of current captive husbandry practices to prevent unnecessary morphological changes.

中文翻译:

圈养哺乳动物的颅骨形态:一项荟萃分析

动物园等圈养设施在保护工作中具有独特的作用。为了发挥其作为保护堡垒的潜力,动物园必须保护圈养种群作为其野生物种的适当代理。这样做将有助于促进成功的重新引入工作。圈养种群内的形态变化可能不利于个体动物的适应,因为这些变化会影响功能。因此,必须了解圈养种群中发生的形态变化的广度和深度。在这里,我们进行了对科学文献的荟萃分析,报告了圈养和野生哺乳动物种群之间的颅骨测量结果的比较。我们调查了颅骨差异的普遍性,以及颅骨形态的变化是否与特定物种的生态协变量有关,例如营养水平,饮食宽度和家庭范围大小。在文献中报道的许多圈养和野生种群之间,颅骨长度,颅骨宽度和颅骨长宽比的颅骨测量值差异显着。尽管变化的程度各不相同,但大约一半的圈养种群在至少一项颅骨测量方面与野生种群不同。饮食宽度有限的食肉物种显示出与头骨扩展相关的最一致的变化。饮食更普遍的物种圈养的形态变化较少。哺乳动物的野生和圈养种群的颅骨形态不同,但是它们的颅骨差异的性质和大小在整个分类单元中差异很大。尽管颅骨形态的变化在人工饲养中发生,但特定的变化无法针对所有人工饲养的哺乳动物种群进行概括。人工饲养的颅骨变化的性质可能特定于特定的生物分类群。因此,有可能在较小的分类单位,甚至是以类似方式利用其颅骨形态的不同群体中建立期望。鉴于在动物园等圈养环境中发生的形态变化可能会限制重新引入的成功,因此我们的结果要求对当前的圈养饲养做法进行严格评估,以防止不必要的形态变化。尽管颅骨形态的变化在人工饲养中发生,但特定的变化无法针对所有人工饲养的哺乳动物种群进行概括。人工饲养的颅骨变化的性质可能特定于特定的生物分类群。因此,有可能在较小的分类单位,甚至是以类似方式利用其颅骨形态的不同群体中建立期望。鉴于在动物园等圈养环境中发生的形态变化可能会限制重新引入的成功,因此我们的结果要求对当前的圈养饲养做法进行严格评估,以防止不必要的形态变化。尽管颅骨形态的变化在人工饲养中发生,但特定的变化无法针对所有人工饲养的哺乳动物种群进行概括。人工饲养的颅骨变化的性质可能特定于特定的生物分类群。因此,有可能在较小的分类单位,甚至是以类似方式利用其颅骨形态的不同群体中建立期望。鉴于在动物园等圈养环境中发生的形态变化可能会限制重新引入的成功,因此我们的结果要求对当前的圈养饲养做法进行严格评估,以防止不必要的形态变化。可能有可能在较小的分类单位中,甚至在以相似方式利用其颅骨形态的不同群体中建立期望。鉴于在动物园等圈养环境中发生的形态变化可能会限制重新引入的成功,因此我们的结果要求对当前的圈养饲养做法进行严格评估,以防止不必要的形态变化。可能有可能在较小的分类单位中,甚至在以相似方式利用其颅骨形态的不同群体中建立期望。鉴于在动物园等圈养环境中发生的形态变化可能会限制重新引入的成功,因此我们的结果要求对当前的圈养饲养做法进行严格评估,以防止不必要的形态变化。
更新日期:2021-01-24
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