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Machine Learning the Cosmic Curvature in a Model-independent Way
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa4044
Guo-Jian Wang 1 , Xiao-Jiao Ma 1 , Jun-Qing Xia 1
Affiliation  

In this work, we achieve the determination of the cosmic curvature ΩK in a cosmological model-independent way, by using the Hubble parameter measurements H(z) and type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). In our analysis, two nonlinear interpolating tools are used to reconstruct the Hubble parameter, one is the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method, and the other is the Gaussian process (GP) method. We find that ΩK based on the GP method can be greatly influenced by the prior of H0, while the ANN method can overcome this. Therefore, the ANN method may have more advantages than GP in the measurement of the cosmic curvature. Based on the ANN method, we find a spatially open universe is preferred by the current H(z) and SNe Ia data, and the difference between our result and the value inferred from Planck CMB is 1.6σ. In order to test the reliability of the ANN method, and the potentiality of the future gravitational waves (GW) standard sirens in the measurement of the cosmic curvature, we constrain ΩK using the simulated Hubble parameter and GW standard sirens in a model-independent way. We find that the ANN method is reliable and unbiased, and the error of ΩK is ∼0.186 when 100 GW events with electromagnetic counterparts are detected, which is $\sim 56\%$ smaller than that constrained from the Pantheon SNe Ia. Therefore, the data-driven method based on ANN has potential in the measurement of the cosmic curvature.

中文翻译:

以独立于模型的方式机器学习宇宙曲率

在这项工作中,我们通过使用哈勃参数测量 H(z) 和 Ia 型超新星 (SNe Ia),以独立于宇宙模型的方式实现了宇宙曲率 ΩK 的确定。在我们的分析中,使用了两种非线性插值工具来重建哈勃参数,一种是人工神经网络(ANN)方法,另一种是高斯过程(GP)方法。我们发现基于 GP 方法的 ΩK 会受到 H0 的先验的很大影响,而 ANN 方法可以克服这一点。因此,在测量宇宙曲率方面,ANN 方法可能比 GP 更有优势。基于 ANN 方法,我们发现当前 H(z) 和 SNe Ia 数据更倾向于空间开放的宇宙,我们的结果与普朗克 CMB 推断的值之间的差异为 1.6σ。为了测试 ANN 方法的可靠性,以及未来引力波 (GW) 标准警报器在测量宇宙曲率中的潜力,我们使用模拟的哈勃参数和 GW 标准警报器以与模型无关的方式约束 ΩK . 我们发现 ANN 方法可靠且无偏,当检测到 100 GW 的电磁对应事件时,ΩK 的误差约为 0.186,比 Pantheon SNe Ia 约束的误差小 $\sim 56\%$。因此,基于人工神经网络的数据驱动方法在测量宇宙曲率方面具有潜力。我们发现 ANN 方法可靠且无偏,当检测到 100 GW 的电磁对应事件时,ΩK 的误差约为 0.186,比 Pantheon SNe Ia 约束的误差小 $\sim 56\%$。因此,基于人工神经网络的数据驱动方法在测量宇宙曲率方面具有潜力。我们发现 ANN 方法可靠且无偏,当检测到 100 GW 的电磁对应事件时,ΩK 的误差约为 0.186,比 Pantheon SNe Ia 约束的误差小 $\sim 56\%$。因此,基于人工神经网络的数据驱动方法在测量宇宙曲率方面具有潜力。
更新日期:2021-01-04
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