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GG Carinae: orbital parameters and accretion indicators from phase-resolved spectroscopy and photometry
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3749
Augustus Porter 1 , David Grant 1 , Katherine Blundell 1 , Steven Lee 2, 3
Affiliation  

B[\,e\,] supergiants are a rare and unusual class of massive and luminous stars, characterised by opaque circumstellar envelopes. GG Carinae is a binary whose primary component is a B[\,e\,] supergiant and whose variability has remained unsatisfactorily explained. Using photometric data from ASAS, OMC, and ASAS-SN, and spectroscopic data from the Global Jet Watch and FEROS to study visible emission lines, we focus on the variability of the system at its $\sim$31-day orbital period and constrain the stellar parameters of the primary. There is one photometric minimum per orbital period and, in the emission line spectroscopy, we find a correlation between the amplitude of radial velocity variations and the initial energy of the line species. The spectral behaviour is consistent with the emission lines forming in the primary's wind, with the variable amplitudes between line species being caused by the less energetic lines forming at larger radii on average. By modelling the atmosphere of the primary, we are able to model the radial velocity variations of the wind lines in order to constrain the orbit of the binary. We find that the binary is even more eccentric than previously believed ($e=0.5\pm0.03$). Using this orbital solution, the system is brightest at periastron and dimmest at apastron, and the shape of the photometric variations at the orbital period can be well described by the variable accretion by the secondary of the primary's wind. We suggest that the evolutionary history of GG Carinae may need to be reevaluated in a binary context.

中文翻译:

GG Carinae:来自相位分辨光谱和光度法的轨道参数和吸积指标

B[\,e\,] 超巨星是一类罕见且不寻常的大质量发光恒星,其特征是不透明的星周包膜。GG Carinae 是一个双星,其主要成分是 B[\,e\,] 超巨星,其变异性的解释仍然不尽如人意。使用来自 ASAS、OMC 和 ASAS-SN 的光度数据以及来自 Global Jet Watch 和 FEROS 的光谱数据来研究可见发射线,我们专注于系统在 $\sim$31 天轨道周期内的可变性,并限制主要的恒星参数。每个轨道周期有一个光度最小值,在发射线光谱中,我们发现径向速度变化的幅度与线物种的初始能量之间存在相关性。光谱行为与初级风中形成的发射线一致,线物种之间的可变振幅是由平均以较大半径形成的能量较低的线引起的。通过对初级大气进行建模,我们能够对风线的径向速度变化进行建模,以限制双星的轨道。我们发现二进制文件比之前认为的更古怪($e=0.5\pm0.03$)。使用这个轨道解,系统在近星体最亮,在后星体最暗,轨道周期光度变化的形状可以很好地用初级风的次级风的可变吸积来描述。我们建议可能需要在二元背景下重新评估 GG Carinae 的进化历史。通过对初级大气进行建模,我们能够对风线的径向速度变化进行建模,以限制双星的轨道。我们发现二进制文件比之前认为的更古怪($e=0.5\pm0.03$)。使用这个轨道解,系统在近星体最亮,在后星体最暗,轨道周期光度变化的形状可以很好地用初级风的次级风的可变吸积来描述。我们建议可能需要在二元背景下重新评估 GG Carinae 的进化历史。通过对初级大气进行建模,我们能够对风线的径向速度变化进行建模,以限制双星的轨道。我们发现二进制文件比之前认为的更古怪($e=0.5\pm0.03$)。使用这个轨道解,系统在近星体最亮,在后星体最暗,轨道周期光度变化的形状可以很好地用初级风的次级风的可变吸积来描述。我们建议可能需要在二元背景下重新评估 GG Carinae 的进化历史。使用这个轨道解,系统在近星体最亮,在后星体最暗,轨道周期光度变化的形状可以很好地用初级风的次级风的可变吸积来描述。我们建议可能需要在二元背景下重新评估 GG Carinae 的进化历史。使用这个轨道解,系统在近星体最亮,在后星体最暗,轨道周期光度变化的形状可以很好地用初级风的次级风的可变吸积来描述。我们建议可能需要在二元背景下重新评估 GG Carinae 的进化历史。
更新日期:2020-12-03
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