Psychological theory and research suggest that religious individuals could have differences in the appraisal of immoral behaviours and cognitions compared to non-religious individuals. This effect could occur due to adherence to prescriptive and inviolate deontic religious-moral rules and socio-evolutionary factors, such as increased autonomic nervous system responsivity to indirect threat. The latter thesis has been used to suggest that immoral elicitors could be processed subliminally by religious individuals. In this manuscript, we employed masking to test this hypothesis. We rated and pre-selected IAPS images for moral impropriety. We presented these images masked with and without negatively manipulating a pre-image moral label. We measured detection, moral appraisal and discrimination, and physiological responses. We found that religious individuals experienced higher responsivity to masked immoral images. Bayesian and hit-versus-miss response analyses revealed that the differences in appraisal and physiological responses were reported only for consciously perceived immoral images. Our analysis showed that when a negative moral label was presented, religious individuals experienced the interval following the label as more physiologically arousing and responded with lower specificity for moral discrimination. We propose that religiosity involves higher conscious perceptual and physiological responsivity for discerning moral impropriety but also higher susceptibility for the misperception of immorality.

心理学理论和研究表明，与非宗教人士相比，宗教人士对不道德行为和认知的评价可能存在差异。这种影响可能是由于遵守规定的和违反义务的宗教道德规则和社会进化因素，例如自主神经系统对间接威胁的反应增加。后一个论点被用来表明不道德的诱导者可以被宗教人士潜意识地处理。在这份手稿中，我们使用掩蔽来检验这个假设。我们对道德不当的 IAPS 图像进行了评级和预选。我们展示了这些带有和不带有负面操纵前图像道德标签的图像。我们测量了检测、道德评价和歧视以及生理反应。我们发现，宗教人士对蒙面的不道德形象有更高的反应。贝叶斯和命中与未命中反应分析表明，评估和生理反应的差异仅报告有意识地感知到的不道德图像。我们的分析表明，当提出负面的道德标签时，宗教人士在标签之后的这段时间里经历了更多的生理激发，并且对道德歧视的特异性较低。我们认为，宗教信仰涉及更高的有意识的感知和生理反应，以识别道德不当，但也对不道德的误解具有更高的敏感性。贝叶斯和命中与未命中反应分析表明，评估和生理反应的差异仅报告有意识地感知到的不道德图像。我们的分析表明，当提出负面的道德标签时，宗教人士在标签之后的这段时间里经历了更多的生理激发，并且对道德歧视的特异性较低。我们认为，宗教信仰涉及更高的有意识的感知和生理反应，以识别道德不当，但也对不道德的误解具有更高的敏感性。贝叶斯和命中与未命中反应分析表明，评估和生理反应的差异仅报告有意识地感知到的不道德图像。我们的分析表明，当提出负面的道德标签时，宗教人士在标签之后的这段时间里经历了更多的生理激发，并且对道德歧视的特异性较低。我们认为，宗教信仰涉及更高的有意识的感知和生理反应，以识别道德不当，但也对不道德的误解具有更高的敏感性。宗教人士在贴上标签后的这段时间里经历了更多的生理激发，并且对道德歧视的反应特异性较低。我们认为，宗教信仰涉及更高的有意识的感知和生理反应，以识别道德不当，但也对不道德的误解具有更高的敏感性。宗教人士在贴上标签后的这段时间里经历了更多的生理激发，并且对道德歧视的反应特异性较低。我们认为，宗教信仰涉及更高的有意识的感知和生理反应，以识别道德不当，但也对不道德的误解具有更高的敏感性。