Manufacturing macroscale cell-laden architectures is one of the biggest challenges faced nowadays in the domain of tissue engineering. Such living constructs, in fact, pose strict requirements for nutrients and oxygen supply that can hardly be addressed through simple diffusion in vitro or without a functional vasculature in vivo. In this context, in the last two decades, a substantial amount of work has been carried out to develop smart materials that could actively provide oxygen-release to contrast local hypoxia in large-size constructs. This review provides an overview of the currently available oxygen-releasing materials and their synthesis and mechanism of action, highlighting their capacities under in vitro tissue cultures and in vivo contexts. Additionally, we also showcase an emerging concept, herein termed as “living materials as releasing systems”, which relies on the combination of biomaterials with photosynthetic microorganisms, namely algae, in an “unconventional” attempt to supply the damaged or re-growing tissue with the necessary supply of oxygen. We envision that future advances focusing on tissue microenvironment regulated oxygen-supplying materials would unlock an untapped potential for generating a repertoire of anatomic scale, living constructs with improved cell survival, guided differentiation, and tissue-specific biofunctionality.

在组织工程领域中，制造大规模的载有细胞的体系结构是当今面临的最大挑战之一。实际上，这种活的构建体对营养和氧气供应提出了严格的要求，而这些要求很难通过体外简单的扩散或体内没有功能性脉管系统来解决。在这种情况下，在过去的二十年中，已经进行了大量工作来开发可以主动提供氧气释放以对比大型构造中局部缺氧的智能材料。这篇综述概述了目前可用的释氧材料及其合成和作用机理，突出了它们在体外组织培养和体内的能力。上下文。此外，我们还展示了一个新兴概念，在本文中被称为“作为释放系统的生命材料”，该概念依赖于生物材料与光合微生物（即藻类）的结合，以“非常规”方式为受损或生长中的组织提供营养。氧气的必要供应。我们设想，关注于组织微环境调节的供氧材料的未来进展将释放出尚未开发的潜力，可用于生成解剖学规模的目录，具有改善的细胞存活率，指导的分化和组织特异性生物功能的活构建体。