Despite the interest on fungi as eukaryotic model systems, the molecular mechanisms regulating the fungal non-self-recognition at a distance have not been studied so far. This paper investigates the molecular mechanisms regulating the cross-talk at a distance between two filamentous fungi, Trichoderma gamsii and Fusarium graminearum which establish a mycoparasitic interaction where T. gamsii and F. graminearum play the roles of mycoparasite and prey, respectively. In the present work, we use an integrated approach involving dual culture tests, comparative genomics and transcriptomics to investigate the fungal interaction before contact (‘sensing phase’).

Dual culture tests demonstrate that growth rate of F. graminearum accelerates in presence of T. gamsii at the sensing phase. T. gamsii up-regulates the expression of a ferric reductase involved in iron acquisition, while F. graminearum up-regulates the expression of genes coding for transmembrane transporters and killer toxins. At the same time, T. gamsii decreases the level of extracellular interaction by down-regulating genes coding for hydrolytic enzymes acting on fungal cell wall (chitinases).

Given the importance of fungi as eukaryotic model systems and the ever-increasing genomic resources available, the integrated approach hereby presented can be applied to other interactions to deepen the knowledge on fungal communication at a distance.

尽管人们对真菌作为真核模型系统感兴趣，但到目前为止还没有研究过远距离调节真菌非自我识别的分子机制。本文研究了调节两种丝状真菌Trichoderma gamsii和Fusarium graminearum之间在一定距离内串扰的分子机制，它们建立了真菌寄生相互作用，其中T. gamsii和F. graminearum 分别扮演真菌寄生虫和猎物的角色。在目前的工作中，我们使用涉及双重培养测试、比较基因组学和转录组学的综合方法来研究接触前的真菌相互作用（“传感阶段”）。

双培养测试表明，在感应阶段，禾本科镰刀菌的生长速度在存在T. gamsii 的情况下加速。T. gamsii上调参与铁获取的三价铁还原酶的表达，而F. graminearum上调编码跨膜转运蛋白和杀伤毒素的基因的表达。同时，T. gamsii通过下调编码作用于真菌细胞壁的水解酶（几丁质酶）的基因来降低细胞外相互作用的水平。

鉴于真菌作为真核模型系统的重要性和不断增加的可用基因组资源，本文提出的综合方法可应用于其他相互作用，以加深对远距离真菌交流的了解。