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A physical phantom for amine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-23 , DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00902-z
Jingwen Yao 1, 2, 3 , Chencai Wang 1, 2 , Catalina Raymond 1, 2 , Blake Bergstrom 3 , Xing Chen 3 , Kaveri Das 3, 4 , Huy Dinh 3 , Zoe S Kim 3 , Angela N Le 3 , Matthew W J Lim 3 , Jane A N Pham 3 , Joseph D Prusan 3 , Sriram S Rao 3 , David A Nathanson 5 , Benjamin M Ellingson 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Objective

To develop a robust amine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) physical phantom, validate the temporal stability, and create a supporting software for automatic image processing and quality assurance.

Materials and methods

The phantom was designed as an assembled laser-cut acrylic rack and 18 vials of phantom solutions, prepared with different pHs, glycine concentrations, and gadolinium concentrations. We evaluated glycine concentrations using ultraviolet absorbance for 70 days and measured the pH, relaxation rates, and CEST contrast for 94 days after preparation. We used Spearman’s correlation to determine if glycine degraded over time. Linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis were performed between baseline and follow-up measurements of pH and MRI properties.

Results

No degradation of glycine was observed (p > 0.05). The pH and MRI measurements stayed stable for 3 months and showed high consistency across time points (R2 = 1.00 for pH, R1, R2, and CEST contrast), which was further validated by the Bland–Altman plots. Examples of automatically generated reports are provided.

Discussion

We designed a physical phantom for amine CEST-MRI, which is easy to assemble and transfer, holds 18 different solutions, and has excellent short-term chemical and MRI stability. We believe this robust phantom will facilitate the development of novel sequences and cross-scanners validations.



中文翻译:

胺化学交换饱和转移 (CEST) MRI 的物理模型

客观的

开发强大的胺化学交换饱和转移 (CEST) 物理模型,验证时间稳定性,并创建用于自动图像处理和质量保证的支持软件。

材料和方法

幻影被设计为一个组装的激光切割亚克力架和 18 瓶幻影溶液,用不同的 pH 值、甘氨酸浓度和钆浓度制备。我们使用紫外线吸光度评估了 70 天的甘氨酸浓度,并测量了制备后 94 天的 pH 值、弛豫率和 CEST 对比度。我们使用 Spearman 相关性来确定甘氨酸是否随时间降解。在基线和后续测量 pH 值和 MRI 特性之间进行线性回归和 Bland-Altman 分析。

结果

未观察到甘氨酸降解(p  > 0.05)。pH 值和 MRI 测量值在 3 个月内保持稳定,并显示出跨时间点的高度一致性( pH 值、R 1R 2和 CEST 对比的R 2 = 1.00 ),Bland-Altman 图进一步验证了这一点。提供了自动生成报告的示例。

讨论

我们为胺 CEST-MRI 设计了一个物理模型,它易于组装和转移,可容纳 18 种不同的溶液,并具有出色的短期化学和 MRI 稳定性。我们相信这种强大的模型将促进新序列和交叉扫描器验证的开发。

更新日期:2021-01-24
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