Globally, marine fisheries sector provides livelihood, food security and employment to the fishers engaged in subsistence, artisanal and industrial fishing activities. The dependency on marine fish supplies keeps rising globally leading to intense competition, fishery conflicts and unsustainable fishing practices which threatens the sustainability and leading to the depletion of marine fishery resources. Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) in India is a tropical archipelago cited as an example where marine fishery resources were considered to be highly underutilized vis-a-vis the harvestable potential. Developmental plans often envisage the enormous scope to harness the oceanic fishery resources however, the overriding issues which affect the sustainable fishery management were least understood or addressed. Offshore fisheries were trade and economy based whereas small scale fisheries are livelihood and food security-based, operating with small to medium scale commercial prospects. Radical management approaches in artisanal and industrial fisheries is essential to foster community resilience and sustainable fishery management. The emerging body of evidence suggests the critical need to reliably estimate the fish catches and population dynamics for sustainable fisheries management. Comprehensive opinions on prevailing issues, complexities in governance, challenges faced and the management strategies that need to be adopted were discussed to ensure the robust governance and sustainability of marine fisheries sector.

在全球范围内，海洋渔业部门为从事生计，手工和工业捕鱼活动的渔民提供生计，粮食安全和就业。全球对海洋鱼类供应的依赖性不断上升，导致激烈的竞争，渔业冲突和不可持续的捕鱼方式，这威胁到可持续性并导致海洋渔业资源的枯竭。印度的安达曼和尼科巴群岛（ANI）是一个热带群岛，以海洋渔业资源相对于可捕捞潜力的高度利用为例。发展计划通常设想利用海洋渔业资源的巨大范围，然而，影响可持续渔业管理的首要问题却鲜为人知或得到解决。近海渔业以贸易和经济为基础，而小规模渔业则以生计和粮食安全为基础，具有中小型商业前景。手工和工业渔业中的激进管理方法对于增强社区适应力和可持续渔业管理至关重要。越来越多的证据表明，迫切需要可靠地估计鱼类的捕获量和种群动态，以实现可持续的渔业管理。讨论了关于普遍存在的问题，治理的复杂性，面临的挑战以及需要采取的管理战略的综合意见，以确保海洋渔业部门的健全治理和可持续性。手工和工业渔业中的激进管理方法对于增强社区适应力和可持续渔业管理至关重要。越来越多的证据表明，迫切需要可靠地估计鱼类的捕获量和种群动态，以实现可持续的渔业管理。讨论了关于普遍存在的问题，治理的复杂性，面临的挑战以及需要采取的管理战略的综合意见，以确保海洋渔业部门的健全治理和可持续性。手工和工业渔业中的激进管理方法对于增强社区适应力和可持续渔业管理至关重要。越来越多的证据表明，迫切需要可靠地估计鱼类的捕获量和种群动态，以实现可持续的渔业管理。讨论了关于普遍存在的问题，治理的复杂性，面临的挑战以及需要采取的管理战略的综合意见，以确保海洋渔业部门的健全治理和可持续性。