In this article, we detail recent efforts in California to identify and target high‐risk firearm owners to help prevent firearm violence, including mass shootings. We begin by describing gun violence restraining orders, also known as extreme risk protection orders, which provide a judicial mechanism for firearm recovery and a time‐limited prohibition on firearm purchases. Next, we discuss California's Armed and Prohibited Persons (APPS) database and enforcement system. APPS is used to identify newly prohibited persons among legal firearm owners and to help law enforcement recover those firearms. Finally, we highlight early research in which machine learning for rare event detection is employed to forecast individual risk using California's decades worth of firearm transaction records and other readily available administrative data.

中文翻译：

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确定高风险枪支拥有者以防止大规模暴力

在本文中，我们详细介绍了加州最近为识别和瞄准高风险枪支拥有者而做出的努力，以帮助防止枪支暴力，包括大规模枪击。我们首先介绍限制枪支暴力的命令，也称为极端风险保护命令，该命令提供了枪支追回的司法机制和限时禁止购买枪支的机制。接下来，我们讨论加利福尼亚的武装和违禁人员（APPS）数据库和执法系统。APPS用于在合法枪支拥有者中识别新近禁止的人员，并帮助执法部门收回这些枪支。最后，我们重点介绍了早期研究，在该研究中，使用了用于罕见事件检测的机器学习，利用加利福尼亚州数十年的枪支交易记录和其他易于获得的行政数据来预测个人风险。