This is the first study to examine the relationship between sustainability and soundness in banking as part of an integrated reporting approach. We consider 12 major European banks over the period 2006–2016. To test the relationship, two indexes were constructed, the sustainable performance index, which attempts to measure sustainability, and the banking soundness index, which measures bank soundness. The results show a bidirectional causality between sustainability and banking soundness. More specifically, soundness encourages banks to engage in sustainable development activities, while the implementation of a sustainable development approach has a negative effect on banking soundness. Our research contributes to the literature on this topic in two ways. First, we propose a new method for measuring banking soundness based on a Bayesian approach. This approach allows us to study a large number of criteria and allows us to determine proactively the importance and the contribution of different determinants in achieving soundness. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that attempts to study the relationship between bank soundness and sustainability.

中文翻译：

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企业社会责任和银行稳健性：因果关系

作为综合报告方法的一部分，这是研究银行业可持续性与稳健性之间关系的第一项研究。我们考虑了2006-2016年期间的12家欧洲主要银行。为了测试这种关系，构建了两个指标：尝试衡量可持续性的可持续绩效指标和衡量银行稳健性的银行稳健性指标。结果表明，可持续性与银行稳健性之间存在双向因果关系。更具体地说，稳健性鼓励银行参与可持续发展活动，而实施可持续发展方法会对银行稳健性产生负面影响。我们的研究从两个方面为有关该主题的文献做出了贡献。首先，我们提出了一种基于贝叶斯方法的衡量银行稳健性的新方法。这种方法使我们能够研究大量标准，并使我们能够主动确定不同决定因素在实现稳健性方面的重要性和贡献。此外，就我们所知，这是第一项试图研究银行稳健性与可持续性之间关系的研究。