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The emerging structural complexity of G-quadruplex RNAs
RNA ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 , DOI: 10.1261/rna.078238.120
Michael Banco , Adrian Ferre-D'Amare

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded nucleic acid structures that arise from the stacking of G-quartets, cyclic arrangements of four guanines engaged in Hoogsteen base pairing. Until recently, most RNA G4 structures were thought to conform to a sequence pattern in which guanines stacking within the G4 would also be contiguous in sequence (e.g., four successive guanine trinucleotide tracts separated by loop nucleotides). Such a sequence restriction, and the stereochemical constraints inherent to RNA (arising, in particular, from presence of the 2'-OH), dictate relatively simple RNA G4 structures. Recent crystallographic and solution NMR structure determinations of a number of in vitro selected RNA aptamers has revealed RNA G4 structures of unprecedented complexity. Structures of the Sc1 aptamer that binds an RGG peptide from the Fragile-X Mental Retardation protein, various fluorescence turn-on aptamers (Corn, Mango, and Spinach), and the spiegelmer that binds the complement protein C5a, in particular, reveal complexity hitherto unsuspected in RNA G4s, including nucleotides in syn conformation, locally inverted strand polarity, and nucleotide quartets that are not all-G. Common to these new structures, the sequences folding into G4s do not conform to the requirement that guanine stacks arise from consecutive (contiguous in sequence) nucleotides. This review highlights how emancipation from this constraint drastically expands the structural possibilities of RNA G-quadruplexes.

中文翻译:

G-四链体RNA的新兴结构复杂性

G-四链体 (G4s) 是四链核酸结构,由 G-四联体的堆叠产生,四个鸟嘌呤的环状排列参与 Hoogsteen 碱基配对。直到最近,大多数 RNA G4 结构被认为符合序列模式,其中 G4 内堆积的鸟嘌呤在序列上也是连续的(例如,四个连续的鸟嘌呤三核苷酸片段被环核苷酸隔开)。这种序列限制和 RNA 固有的立体化学约束(特别是由 2'-OH 的存在引起)决定了相对简单的 RNA G4 结构。最近对许多体外选择的 RNA 适配体的晶体学和溶液 NMR 结构测定揭示了前所未有的复杂性的 RNA G4 结构。结合来自 Fragile-X Mental Retardation 蛋白的 RGG 肽的 Sc1 适配体的结构、各种荧光开启适配体(玉米、芒果和菠菜),以及结合补体蛋白 C5a 的镜像异构体,尤其揭示了迄今为止的复杂性在 RNA G4s 中没有怀疑,包括顺式构象的核苷酸、局部反向链极性和不全是 G 的核苷酸四重奏。这些新结构的共同点是,折叠成 G4 的序列不符合鸟嘌呤堆栈由连续(序列上连续)核苷酸产生的要求。这篇综述强调了从这种约束中解放出来如何极大地扩展了 RNA G-四链体的结构可能性。尤其是与补体蛋白 C5a 结合的镜像异构体揭示了迄今为止在 RNA G4 中未曾预料到的复杂性,包括顺式构象中的核苷酸、局部反向链极性和非全 G 的核苷酸四重体。这些新结构的共同点是,折叠成 G4 的序列不符合鸟嘌呤堆栈由连续(序列上连续)核苷酸产生的要求。这篇综述强调了从这种约束中解放出来如何极大地扩展了 RNA G-四链体的结构可能性。尤其是与补体蛋白 C5a 结合的镜像异构体,揭示了迄今为止在 RNA G4 中未曾预料到的复杂性,包括顺式构象的核苷酸、局部反向链极性和非全 G 的核苷酸四重体。这些新结构的共同点是,折叠成 G4 的序列不符合鸟嘌呤堆栈由连续(序列上连续)核苷酸产生的要求。这篇综述强调了从这种约束中解放出来如何极大地扩展了 RNA G-四链体的结构可能性。折叠成 G4 的序列不符合鸟嘌呤堆栈由连续(序列上连续)核苷酸产生的要求。这篇综述强调了从这种约束中解放出来如何极大地扩展了 RNA G-四链体的结构可能性。折叠成 G4 的序列不符合鸟嘌呤堆栈由连续(序列上连续)核苷酸产生的要求。这篇综述强调了从这种约束中解放出来如何极大地扩展了 RNA G-四链体的结构可能性。
更新日期:2021-01-22
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