The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the whole environment is a growing concern. These compounds might be present in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants and, hence, irrigation with treated sewage may be a source of groundwater pollution. The volcanic aquifer that lies NE of Gran Canaria (Spain) was studied to address the relationship of the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds and a golf course that has been irrigated with regenerated water since 1973. Of the 14 analyzed groundwater samples, five wells were chosen to perform annual monitoring. Irrigation water and soil leachate were also evaluated. The target analytes were atenolol, metamizole, fluoxetine, ibuprofen, nicotine, permethrin, caffeine, and their metabolite paraxanthine. The environmental risk is limited as the concentrations of the pharmaceuticals measured in the sampled wells were always below 60 ng·L⁻¹ (lower than the detected caffeine and nicotine concentrations). Wide variations for the same wells were measured among sampling campaigns, and also among the different wells. The study points to the importance of sample conservation during transport and the need to perform analyses immediately, or to follow an in-situ extraction procedure to carry concentrated samples under better conditions.

中文翻译：

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大加那利岛（西班牙）的地下水中存在药用化合物

在整个环境中药物化合物的存在日益引起人们的关注。这些化合物可能存在于废水处理厂的废水中，因此，用处理过的污水灌溉可能是地下水污染的来源。研究了位于西班牙大加那利岛东北部的火山含水层，以探讨药物化合物的发生与自1973年以来已用再生水灌溉的高尔夫球场之间的关系。在14个分析的地下水样本中，选择了5口井进行年度监控。还评估了灌溉水和土壤渗滤液。目标分析物是阿替洛尔，间咪唑，氟西汀，布洛芬，尼古丁，氯菊酯，咖啡因及其代谢物对黄嘌呤。^-1（低于检测到的咖啡因和尼古丁浓度）。在采样活动之间以及不同的孔之间测量了相同孔的广泛变化。该研究指出了在运输过程中保存样品的重要性，以及需要立即进行分析或遵循原位提取程序以在更好的条件下运送浓缩样品的需求。