While scholarly interest in forced migration has grown in recent years, the analytic focus has primarily been a spatial one. However, there is a growing recognition of the need to incorporate the temporal dimension into analyses of forced migration, in particular concerning the governance of refugee processing, reception and settlement. This recognition is based on a desire to better understand how states use time and timing to create borders, to define state membership, and to limit access to resources. This research addresses this gap in the literature, focusing on how temporality within the Italian national refugee reception programs shapes housing outcomes for refugees (people with political asylum, subsidiary and humanitarian protection status) in Bergamo (Italy). The findings show that after exiting accommodation centers refugees in Bergamo experienced multiple forms of housing instability, including homelessness, sleeping rough, doubling up, and using temporary structures. We argue here that the temporary and transitional nature of the housing and employment programs provided through the reception system are a significant explanatory factor.

尽管近年来人们对强迫迁徙的兴趣不断增长，但分析的重点主要还是空间的。但是，人们越来越认识到有必要将时间方面纳入强迫移民的分析中，特别是在处理难民的处理，接收和定居方面。这种认识是基于以下愿望：更好地了解状态如何使用时间和时间来创建边界，定义状态成员资格以及限制对资源的访问。这项研究解决了文献中的这一空白，侧重于意大利国家难民接收计划中的暂时性如何影响贝加莫（意大利）的难民（具有政治避难，辅助和人道主义保护地位的人）的住房结果。调查结果表明，贝加莫的难民离开住宿中心后，经历了多种形式的住房动荡，包括无家可归，卧床不起，翻倍和使用临时结构。我们在这里认为，通过接待系统提供的住房和就业计划的临时和过渡性质是一个重要的解释因素。