This article mainly focuses on the analysis and design of a dynamic hybrid optimized controllers for unbalanced DC microgrid. Small-signal model analysis of unidirectional boost converter (UBC) and bidirectional converter (BDC) is discussed to get the efficient performance not discussed earlier. The hybrid controller manages the power between BDC and solar with UBC during the unequal loading. The problem associated with nonlinear solar I-V curve effect is expressed by dynamic resistance. It is affected by parametric variation as the operation point of I-V curve, temperature, and solar irradiance. The slower transient response of PI voltage and the current controller is not an effective solution for parametric variations. To address this, a simple hybrid genetic algorithms (GA) based closed current and voltage-controlled loop is designed using proportional-integral (PI) controller. Small-signal model with consideration of dynamic resistance in solar model with UBC connected to BDC fed DC microgrid is described for nonlinear structure. The closed-loop stability of GA-based voltage and the current PI controller are verified under the deviation of load parameters using a bode plot. It covers the overshoot, time response, oscillation, and dynamic stability under the parametric variations. GA PI controller has fast response comparison to Ziegler Nichol's method as settling time, peak overshoot, rise time, and more stable. The comparison of these two methods is described under fixed and variable loading for microgrid by MATLAB/Simulink. Detailed case study for dynamic operation is verified for unequal loading between the system and dc load.

中文翻译：

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基于小信号建模的不平衡直流微电网混合优化电流电压控制器

本文主要研究不平衡直流微电网动态混合优化控制器的分析与设计。讨论了单向升压转换器 (UBC) 和双向转换器 (BDC) 的小信号模型分析，以获得之前未讨论的高效性能。在负载不均期间，混合控制器通过 UBC 管理 BDC 和太阳能之间的功率。与非线性太阳 IV 曲线效应相关的问题由动态电阻表示。它受作为IV曲线操作点的参数变化、温度和太阳辐照度的影响。PI 电压和电流控制器较慢的瞬态响应不是参数变化的有效解决方案。为了解决这个问题，使用比例积分 (PI) 控制器设计了一个简单的基于混合遗传算法 (GA) 的闭合电流和电压控制回路。针对非线性结构，描述了在 UBC 连接到 BDC 馈电直流微电网的太阳能模型中考虑动态电阻的小信号模型。使用波特图验证了基于GA的电压和电流PI控制器在负载参数偏差下的闭环稳定性。它涵盖了参数变化下的超调、时间响应、振荡和动态稳定性。GA PI 控制器与 Ziegler Nichol 的方法相比具有快速响应，因为稳定时间、峰值超调、上升时间和更稳定。MATLAB/Simulink 在微电网固定和可变负载下描述了这两种方法的比较。