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Do forest fuel reduction treatments confer resistance to beetle infestation and drought mortality?
Ecosphere ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 , DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3344
Z. L. Steel 1, 2 , M. J. Goodwin 3 , M. D. Meyer 4 , G. A. Fricker 5 , H. S. J. Zald 6 , M. D. Hurteau 3 , M. P. North 1, 7
Affiliation  

Climate change is amplifying the frequency and severity of droughts and wildfires in many forests. In the western United States, fuel reduction treatments, both mechanical and prescribed fire, are widely used to increase resilience to wildfire but their effect on resistance to drought and beetle mortality is not as well understood. We followed more than 10,000 mapped and tagged trees in a mixed‐conifer forest following mechanical thinning and/or prescribed burning treatments in 2001 through the extreme 2012–2016 drought in California. Mortality varied by tree species from 3% of incense‐cedar to 38% of red fir with proportionally higher mortality rates in the larger size classes for sugar pine, red fir, and white fir. Treatment reductions in stem density were associated with increased diameter growth and rapidly growing trees had lower rates of mortality. However, the ultimate effects of treatment on drought‐related mortality varied greatly by treatment type. All species had neutral to reduced mortality rates following mechanical thinning alone, but treatments that included prescribed burning increased beetle infestation rates and increased mortality of red fir and sugar pine. Fuel reduction treatments appear to benefit some species such as Jeffrey pine, but can reduce resistance to extreme drought and beetle outbreaks in other species when treatments include prescribed burning. In a non‐analog future, fuel reduction treatments may require modification to provide resistance to beetle infestation and severe droughts.

中文翻译:

减少森林燃料的处理是否赋予对甲虫侵袭和干旱死亡率的抵抗力?

气候变化正在加剧许多森林中干旱和野火的发生频率和严重性。在美国西部,广泛采用减少燃油的方法,包括机械和明火,以增强其对野火的抵抗力,但它们对干旱和甲虫死亡率的抵抗作用尚未得到很好的了解。经过2001年的机械疏伐和/或规定的焚烧处理,直到加利福尼亚州2012-2016年极端干旱,我们在针叶树混交林中追踪了10,000多个贴图和加标签的树木。树木种类的死亡率从香柏木的3%到红杉的38%不等,在较大尺寸的松木,红杉和白杉中,死亡率成比例地更高。茎密度降低的处理与直径增长增加有关,而快速生长的树木死亡率较低。但是,治疗对干旱相关死亡率的最终影响因治疗类型而异。所有物种仅通过机械性稀疏就具有中性至降低的死亡率,但是包括处方燃烧在内的处理增加了甲虫的侵扰率,并增加了红杉和sugar木的死亡率。减少燃料的处理似乎有益于某些物种,例如杰弗里·派恩(Jeffrey pine),但当处理包括处方燃烧时,可以降低其他物种对极端干旱和甲虫暴发的抵抗力。在非模拟的未来,减少燃料的处理可能需要进行修改,以增强对甲虫侵袭和严重干旱的抵抗力。治疗对干旱相关死亡率的最终影响因治疗类型而异。所有物种仅通过机械性稀疏就具有中性至降低的死亡率,但是包括处方燃烧在内的处理增加了甲虫的侵扰率,并增加了红杉和sugar木的死亡率。减少燃料的处理似乎有益于某些物种,例如杰弗里·派恩(Jeffrey pine),但当处理包括处方燃烧时,可以降低其他物种对极端干旱和甲虫暴发的抵抗力。在非模拟的未来,减少燃料的处理可能需要进行修改,以增强对甲虫侵袭和严重干旱的抵抗力。治疗对干旱相关死亡率的最终影响因治疗类型而异。所有物种仅通过机械性稀疏就具有中性至降低的死亡率,但是包括处方燃烧在内的处理增加了甲虫的侵扰率,并增加了红杉和sugar木的死亡率。减少燃料的处理似乎有益于某些物种,例如杰弗里·派恩(Jeffrey pine),但当处理包括处方燃烧时,可以降低其他物种对极端干旱和甲虫暴发的抵抗力。在非模拟的未来,减少燃料的处理可能需要进行修改,以增强对甲虫侵袭和严重干旱的抵抗力。但包括处方燃烧在内的治疗增加了甲虫的侵染率,并增加了红杉和sugar木的死亡率。减少燃料的处理似乎有益于某些物种,例如杰弗里·派恩(Jeffrey pine),但当处理包括处方燃烧时,可以降低其他物种对极端干旱和甲虫暴发的抵抗力。在非模拟的未来,减少燃料的处理可能需要进行修改,以增强对甲虫侵袭和严重干旱的抵抗力。但包括处方燃烧在内的治疗增加了甲虫的侵染率,并增加了红杉和sugar木的死亡率。减少燃料的处理似乎有益于某些物种,例如杰弗里·派恩(Jeffrey pine),但当处理包括处方燃烧时,可以降低其他物种对极端干旱和甲虫暴发的抵抗力。在非模拟的未来,减少燃料的处理可能需要进行修改,以增强对甲虫侵袭和严重干旱的抵抗力。
更新日期:2021-01-22
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