During the last few decades, much attention has focused on how global change is affecting the environment and species distributions. Land‐use change is still the major cause of species declines worldwide, but changes in species distributions have been documented even in pristine and protected areas. Here, we document the distribution dynamics of 26 species of frogs and birds within a Caribbean protected area between 2015 and 2019. Specifically, we document species occupancy and detectability in 59 sites along three elevational transects within the El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico. Species were sampled using acoustic recorders, species identification algorithms, and post‐classification validation. The study period included a severe drought (2015–2016) and a category 4 hurricane (2017). The distribution of most frog species did not change significantly during the study period. In contrast, the distributions of the bird species contracted between the 2015 and 2016 pre‐hurricane surveys. This contraction coincides with a severe drought that peaked after the 2015 survey. The response of bird species after H. Maria was heterogeneous. Our results suggest that for many species, particularly birds, the 2015–2016 drought in Puerto Rico had a greater negative effect than H. Maria. The difference in the response of the bird and frog communities is likely related to their abundance at the site level, their ability to disperse, and temporal patterns of reproduction. If a site is occupied by a frog species, it could easily include 100s of individuals, and even if condition worsens, over a relatively short period the species will continue to occupy the site. In contrast, a site may only be occupied by one or a few individuals of birds. Birds have also higher dispersal abilities than frogs. Furthermore, Puerto Rican frogs reproduce year‐round, whereas birds concentrate their reproduction during a few months in the wet season. Future climate scenarios predict a decrease in total precipitation and an increase in droughts for the region, which emphasizes the need to consider the diversity of changes that will be associated with future climate change.

中文翻译：

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干旱和飓风对热带鸟类和青蛙分布的影响

在过去的几十年中，很多注意力集中在全球变化如何影响环境和物种分布上。土地用途的变化仍然是全世界物种减少的主要原因，但是即使在原始地区和保护区，物种分布的变化也有记载。在这里，我们记录了2015年至2019年之间在加勒比海保护区内26种青蛙和鸟类的分布动态。具体而言，我们记录了波多黎各El Yunque国家森林内三个高程样带的59个地点的物种占用和可检测性。使用声学记录仪，物种识别算法和分类后验证对物种进行采样。研究期包括严重干旱（2015-2016年）和第4类飓风（2017年）。在研究期间，大多数青蛙物种的分布没有显着变化。相比之下，鸟类种类的分布在2015年和2016年飓风前调查之间收缩。这种收缩恰逢严重干旱，干旱在2015年调查后达到顶峰。H. Maria之后鸟类对鸟类的反应是异质的。我们的结果表明，对于许多物种，特别是鸟类，波多黎各2015-2016年的干旱比H. Maria造成的负面影响更大。鸟类和青蛙群落反应的差异可能与它们在场所水平上的丰度，它们的扩散能力以及繁殖的时间模式有关。如果某个地点被青蛙物种占据，那么很可能会包括100个个体，即使情况恶化，在相对较短的时间内，该物种将继续占据该地点。相反，一个地点只能被一个或几个鸟类所占据。鸟类具有比青蛙更高的扩散能力。此外，波多黎各人的青蛙全年繁殖，而鸟类则在雨季的几个月内集中繁殖。未来的气候情景预测该地区的总降水量将减少，干旱将增加，这强调需要考虑与未来气候变化有关的变化的多样性。鸟类则在潮湿季节的几个月内集中繁殖。未来的气候情景预测该地区的总降水量将减少，干旱将增加，这强调需要考虑与未来气候变化有关的变化的多样性。鸟类则在潮湿季节的几个月内集中繁殖。未来的气候情景预测该地区的总降水量将减少，干旱将增加，这强调需要考虑与未来气候变化有关的变化的多样性。