OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to compare the risk and also the types of ictal injuries in three groups of people with seizures [i.e., IGE vs. TLE vs. FS]. METHODS This was a retrospective study. All patients with an electro-clinical diagnosis of IGE, TLE, or FS were recruited at the outpatient epilepsy clinic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from 2008 until 2020. Age, sex, age at seizure onset, seizure type(s), and occurrence of ictal injury at any time since the onset of the seizures and its characteristics were registered routinely for all patients at the time of the first visit. RESULTS One thousand and one hundred seventy-four patients were studied (481 patients with IGE, 402 people with TLE, and 291 persons with FS). While the groups differed in their demographic and clinical characteristics, the rates of ictal injury did not differ significantly between the groups. Tongue injury was more frequently reported by patients with TLE compared with that by people with IGE or FS. Other types/locations of ictal injury were more or less reported by all three groups of the patients. CONCLUSION Ictal injuries may happen with more or less similar rates among people with epilepsy (IGE and TLE) and those with FS. Ictal injury (rate, type, or location) should not be used as a marker for any specific diagnosis among people with seizures.

中文翻译：

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发作性损伤：癫痫与功能性（心因性）癫痫发作

目的 本研究的目的是比较三组癫痫发作患者的风险以及发作损伤的类型 [即 IGE 与 TLE 与 FS]。方法 这是一项回顾性研究。从 2008 年到 2020 年，所有电临床诊断为 IGE、TLE 或 FS 的患者均在伊朗设拉子设拉子医科大学的癫痫门诊部招募。 年龄、性别、癫痫发作年龄、癫痫发作类型（ s)，并且在第一次就诊时对所有患者进行常规记录，自癫痫发作以来的任何时间发生发作性损伤及其特征。结果 研究了 1174 名患者（481 名 IGE 患者、402 名 TLE 患者和 291 名 FS 患者）。虽然各组在人口统计学和临床​​特征上有所不同，两组间的发作性损伤率没有显着差异。与 IGE 或 FS 患者相比，TLE 患者报告舌头损伤的频率更高。所有三组患者或多或少地报告了其他类型/位置的发作性损伤。结论 癫痫患者（IGE 和 TLE）和 FS 患者的发作性损伤发生率或多或少相似。发作性损伤（发生率、类型或位置）不应用作癫痫患者任何特定诊断的标志。结论 癫痫患者（IGE 和 TLE）和 FS 患者的发作性损伤发生率或多或少相似。发作性损伤（发生率、类型或位置）不应用作癫痫患者任何特定诊断的标志。结论 癫痫患者（IGE 和 TLE）和 FS 患者的发作性损伤发生率或多或少相似。发作性损伤（发生率、类型或位置）不应用作癫痫患者任何特定诊断的标志。