COVID-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-COV-2 which has now become a huge pandemic worldwide. The immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 has been established that increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and reduction of the CD4+ and the CD8+ T lymphocyte populations, are the most reported immunological findings in these patients. High levels of other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-2 and IL-8 with an increased number of neutrophils and eosinophils may induce immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. There is growing evidence to obtain a deeper understanding of the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 which will lay the foundation for the development of new potential therapies. However, specific and non-specific immunotherapies such as convalescent plasma (CP) are widely performed to treat patients with severe COVID-19, there is no definitive evidence to suggest the effectiveness of these treatments. Hence, this review aimed to highlight the current and most recent studies to identify the new immunotherapeutics for COVID-19 disease.

COVID-19 是由 SARS-COV-2 引起的急性呼吸系统综合症，现已成为全球范围内的大流行病。COVID-19 的免疫发病机制已经确定，C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、白细胞介素 6 (IL-6) 的血清水平升高以及 CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 淋巴细胞数量的减少是报告最多的免疫学发现这些病人。高水平的其他炎症细胞因子和趋化因子，如 IL-2 和 IL-8，以及中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞数量增加，可能会诱发 COVID-19 患者的免疫异常。越来越多的证据表明对 COVID-19 的免疫发病机制有更深入的了解，这将为开发新的潜在疗法奠定基础。然而，尽管特异性和非特异性免疫疗法（如恢复期血浆 (CP)）已广泛用于治疗重症 COVID-19 患者，但尚无确凿证据表明这些疗法的有效性。因此，本综述旨在强调当前和最近的研究，以确定针对 COVID-19 疾病的新免疫疗法。