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Limited dispersal of riverine litter onto nearby beaches during rainfall events
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107186
Peter G. Ryan , Vonica Perold

Rivers are assumed to be one of the major conduits for plastics entering the sea, but little is known about the interchange of plastic litter between rivers and coastal waters. We measured the amount of litter stranding on the beach around the mouth of a seasonal river in Cape Town, South Africa, to infer litter dispersal distances. Prior to the mouth opening, litter was fairly uniformly distributed along the 2.4 km study beach. Once the mouth was opened for the first major winter storm, most litter stranded within 0.5 km of the river mouth. Beach litter loads peaked during rain events and decreased after the first rainfall event, presumably due to flushing of accumulated litter in the coastal wetland. However, litter loads within the wetland remained high, indicating that only a proportion of litter flushes during floods. Experimental deployments of marked litter items confirmed that most floating litter strands close to the mouth, although less buoyant items travelled farther than more buoyant items. Exchanges occurred in both directions, with marine litter found up to 1.2 km inland in the estuary. On a rising tide, more litter items moved into the estuary than into the sea, despite strong offshore winds. Our results illustrate the complex interplay of litter between rivers and the sea, and suggest that a large proportion of floating litter carried down small rivers washes ashore shortly after entering the sea. Cleaning beaches around river mouths, especially after rain events, will help to reduce leakage of plastic from land-based sources into the sea.



中文翻译:

降雨事件中河流垃圾在附近海滩上的扩散有限

假定河流是塑料进入海中的主要管道之一,但对于河流和沿海水域之间塑料垃圾的互换知之甚少。我们测量了南非开普敦季节性河流河口周围沙滩上的垃圾堆积量,以推断垃圾分散距离。在张口之前,垃圾在2.4公里的研究海滩上分布均匀。一旦第一次冬季暴风雨张开了嘴,大多数垃圾就在河口0.5公里之内搁浅。沙滩垃圾负荷在降雨事件中达到峰值,而在第一次降雨事件之后下降,这可能是由于沿海湿地中堆积的垃圾被冲刷造成的。但是,湿地内的垃圾量仍然很高,这表明洪水期间只有一部分垃圾被冲洗。带有标记的垃圾物品的实验性部署证实,大多数漂浮垃圾绳靠近嘴,尽管漂浮的物品比漂浮的物品移动得更远。交换发生在两个方向,在河口内陆长达1.2公里处发现了海洋垃圾。在涨潮中,尽管近海风很大,但进入河口的垃圾比进入海洋的垃圾多。我们的研究结果说明了河流与海洋之间的垫料之间的复杂相互作用,并表明,大部分漂浮的垫料在入海后不久就沿着小河冲上岸。清洁河口周围的海滩,尤其是在下雨后,将有助于减少塑料从陆地来源向海洋的泄漏。尽管浮力较小的物品比浮力较大的物品走得更远。交换发生在两个方向,在河口内陆长达1.2公里处发现了海洋垃圾。在涨潮中,尽管近海风很大,但进入河口的垃圾比进入海洋的垃圾多。我们的研究结果说明了河流与海洋之间的垫料之间的复杂相互作用,并表明,大部分漂浮的垫料在入海后不久就沿着小河冲上岸。清洁河口周围的海滩,尤其是在下雨后,将有助于减少塑料从陆地来源向海洋的泄漏。尽管浮力较小的物品比浮力较大的物品走得更远。交换发生在两个方向,在河口内陆长达1.2公里处发现了海洋垃圾。在涨潮中,尽管近海风很大,但进入河口的垃圾比进入海洋的垃圾多。我们的研究结果说明了河流与海洋之间的垃圾相互作用复杂,并表明,大部分漂浮的垃圾在进入大海后不久就沿着小河冲上岸。清洁河口周围的海滩,尤其是在下雨后,将有助于减少塑料从陆地来源向海洋的泄漏。尽管海上风很大。我们的研究结果说明了河流与海洋之间的垫料之间的复杂相互作用,并表明,大部分漂浮的垫料在入海后不久就沿着小河冲上岸。清洁河口周围的海滩,尤其是在下雨后,将有助于减少塑料从陆地来源向海洋的泄漏。尽管海上风很大。我们的研究结果说明了河流与海洋之间的垫料之间的复杂相互作用,并表明,大部分漂浮的垫料在入海后不久就沿着小河冲上岸。清洁河口周围的海滩,尤其是在下雨后,将有助于减少塑料从陆地来源向海洋的泄漏。

更新日期:2021-01-28
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