Purpose

To examine the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and dry eye disease.

Methods

Three hundred and twenty-two community residents (186 females, 136 males; mean ± SD age, 41 ± 22 years) with no major systemic or ophthalmic conditions (other than dry eye disease) were recruited in a cross-sectional study. A lifestyle factor questionnaire was administered, and dry eye symptomology, ocular surface characteristics, and tear film quality were evaluated for each participant within a single clinical session, in accordance with the global consensus recommendations of the TFOS DEWS II reports.

Results

A total of 111 (34 %) participants fulfilled the TFOS DEWS II diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that advancing age, female sex, East Asian ethnicity, and increased digital screen exposure time were positive risk factors for dry eye disease (all p < 0.05), while increased caffeine consumption was a protective factor (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Increased digital screen exposure time and reduced caffeine consumption were modifiable lifestyle factors associated with higher odds of dry eye disease. These findings might contribute to informing the design of future prospective research investigating the efficacy of preventative intervention and risk factor modification strategies.

中文翻译：

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干眼症的可改变生活方式危险因素

目的

研究可改变的生活方式因素与干眼症之间的关联。

方法

在一项横断面研究中招募了 322 名社区居民（186 名女性，136 名男性；平均 ± SD 年龄，41 ± 22 岁），他们没有严重的全身或眼科疾病（干眼病除外）。根据 TFOS DEWS II 报告的全球共识建议，我们进行了生活方式因素问卷调查，并在一次临床会议中评估了每位参与者的干眼症状、眼表特征和泪膜质量。

结果

共有 111 名 (34%) 参与者符合 TFOS DEWS II 干眼病诊断标准。多变量回归分析表明，年龄增长、女性、东亚种族和数字屏幕暴露时间增加是干眼症的积极危险因素（均 p < 0.05），而咖啡因摄入量增加是保护因素（p = 0.04）。

结论

数字屏幕曝光时间增加和咖啡因摄入减少是与干眼病几率增加相关的可改变生活方式因素。这些发现可能有助于为未来前瞻性研究的设计提供信息，以调查预防性干预和风险因素修正策略的有效性。